.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


Structure of psychological theories




. 24, 1, 2003

:

. .  
100- . .
: . . . . 1932 . . , . .  
. . . .  
30-
. .  
. . , . .  
. .  
: 1999 . () 2001 . (-) . . , . . , . .  
. . , . .  
- . .  
. . , . .  

. 1

: . . , . . , . .  
- . . , . .  
 
 
II " " . . , . .  
II  
13, 126,136, 140
: . . " . ". .: , 2002. . .  

. 2

.

: . .

C)2003 . . .

. ,

. : ) , ) , ) . , , , , (" ") . , , , . , .

: , , , , , , "" "" .

, 1 , . , , , , , . . - , . . , , .

, , , - . . , , " " " " [28], . . -" " " " [11], - . , , , - . , , .

1.

: ) ; ) ; ) ; ) ; ) , , . . , " " [11]; ) .

( - , , , , . .), "" . , , , : - ,

1 , , - , , .

. 5

- , , . , , , , . , , - , - [17], , , , . (, ) . - , - . , , , , - , - , - [19].

, , , . : ) ;

) ;

) - "" ; ) "" , - , .

. . , : " , , , " [3, . 309]. : - "" , , - , - , , " , " ( , . 308). . . , , , [12]. , , , , . . . - .

- - , , , , . , "", "", "", "", "", "" . . : , - , - , - . , , , , . , , , .

, 2, - .

2 , , . , , . . . . : ", , : "", "", "", "", "", "" . , "", , "", "", " ", "", "", "" ." [8, . 134 - 135]. - , "", , - "" (""), - , .

. 6

- "" - , , . , , -, ( , -), -, . 3 , , , ( , , .), , , , , .

"" , . , , , , . . , , , , , , , , , , .

" " . , - . , 4.

, . , : - - , , -, - , . - , - [19] (.: [13]). , :

O 1 O 2 - , , I 1 I 2 - (, , ).

, . , , , : [13]. , , , 5. , , : , , . .

2.

: . "" -

3 , , , . , .

4 - " " , . . . . [8].

5 . [16].

. 7

, - .

, . . , , " ", , " , " [11, . 126]. , : ", , " ( , . 305).

, , -, (, , ), -, , . , , , , . , ( ) . , , . , , - , , [5].

, ( , , , - ) 6. , - - , - - "" - "" .

, , . "" , -, , , . . "" , -, , , , .. "". "" , , , " " , . . . 7 "" , , ( ) , - , , , , , , , - - "". - , , . , , , , , . . , , , " ", (, -

6 . , , , . "" , , , - "".

7 - . 70- . , , - , , [2].

. 8

). , , "" , , .

"" , . .

- , , "" , " ". , - , , . , "", "" , , . "", , . , (. [14]), .

, 8, , , , . "" , "" , , , , . , , , , , . , , "" , .

, "" , , . , . , , "" , " " 9, - - , (21) 10. "" ( ) , "" .

"" - , " ". "" "" . , , , . , . . , , .

- , , " ", , , [16]. , , "" , , , , . . . , , . . ,

8 , "" , . : " ... , - , " [18, . 128].

9 , , . , , [20].

10 , , , (, , - ). . : , : " - ?" : ", , ". , [21].

. 9

, . "" , - , .

3.

, , , . . [9]. , , , 11 , , . , , , .

. , , , , , , . , , . , , , 12, ( ) - . . . . - . , , , , .

, , . . , , . , : " , , , , , , , . "" [27, . 183]. , , , , , , .

, , , - , ., , , [15]. , [4,6], . . , , . . , - , , , , , " " [16]. 13, - , , , .

, , . , -

11 1:10 [24].

12 . , - .

13 , , , . : " - " [26], , , . . , .

. 10

, , . , [29]. "" , . ) - ; ) ; ) , . . .

, , . , ( ), , - . , . , - [31], . [22], . [38], , , - . (.[7]). . , . , , , , , . , . , , , 14, ( , , , , - ).

: , , , , . , - . , . -, . . - , , , " ", , , (. [10]). [1], , , . , , ( ) ( ). , , , , , , , - .

, , , , . , , , "" (, , ), , [25], , - , , . , , " " , , - "", , (, -

14 , . . , , . , [23]. , : ) , ; ) , ; ) - - , ; ) - , .

. 11

.

""
""
" "
""

, ).

, , , . , , . , . , -, , -, , . , .

, , , , , , , , , .

1. . ., . ., . ., . . . . ., 1998.

2. . . . ., 1997.

3. . . . ., 1982. . 1.

4. . . (XVII - XVIII .) ., 1987.

5. . . . ., 1983.

6. . . . ., 1989.

7. . ., . . - // . 1989. N 3. . 67 - 75.

8. . ., . . . ., 1998.

9. . . ., 1985.

10. . ., 1988.

11. . . . ., 2000.

12. . . . ., 1978.

13. . . - " " // , 1981. N 5. . 158 - 166.

14. . . // . 2001. N 5.

15. . . // . 1998. N 2. . 3 - 19.

16. . . // . . 2000. N 5. . 35 - 37.

17. . . . ., 1974.

18. Agnew N. M., Pyke S. W. The science game. N. J., 1969.

19. Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior. Morristown, 1972.

20. Baumrind D. Research using intentional deception: Ethical issues revisited // American psychologist. 1985. V. 40. N 2. P. 165 - 179.

21. Bern D. Self-perception theory // Advances in experimental social psychology. N. Y., 1965. V. 2. P. 112 - 165.

22. Bjork D. The compromised scientist: William James in the development of American psychology. N.Y., 1983.

. 12

23. Christiansen G. E. In the presence of the Creator: Isaak Newton and his times. N. Y., 1984.

24. De May M. The cognitive paradigm. Chicago, 1992.

25. Eiduson B. T. Scientists, their psychological world. N.Y., 1962.

26. Franklin C. W. Theoretical perspectives in social psychology. Boston, 1982.

27. Geroch R. General relativity from A to B. Chicago, 1978.

28. Lakatos J. Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes // Criticism and the growth of knowledge. N 4. 1970.

29. Laudan L. Progress and its problems. Toward a theory of scientific growth. Berkley, 1977.

30. Perry H. S. Psychiatrist of America. Massachusets, 1982.

31. Richards G. Of what is history of psychology a history // British j. for the history of science. 1987. V. 20. N 65. P. 201 - 211.

STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

A. V. Yurevich

Dr. sci. (psychology), director of the Center of science studies, Institute of history of natural sciences and techniques, RAS

An attempt is made to describe standard structure of psychological theories. Three basic elements of this structure are elicited - center, periphery and implicit area. The central component is formed of general distinctive image of psychological reality, central category, corresponded phenomena, set of main concepts and relations between them ("net of relations") and basic propositions. The peripheral area of a theory is divided into theoretical part properly that consists of accessory propositions and system of their argumentation and empirical part that is formed from confirmative empirical and workaday experience. The implicit area includes unformal-ized personal and group knowledge, personal and group emotions as well as the standards of conduct.

Key words: structure, theories, center, periphery, implicit area, personal and group knowledge, "one's own" and "alien" empirism.

. 13

:

002.016.02 . . 19.00.15 - , , " " ( - . , . . ).

7 - 18 . , . . - (. ), . - - (. ), . , . , , .

, ( , , , ). . , , . .

. 13

 





:


: 2016-12-06; !; : 410 |


:

:

,
==> ...

1847 - | 1627 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.08 .