, . . I II. I , II . , , . , .
, :
1) ;
2) ;
3) .
I
I . , .
| He forgot everything watching the kids. | . |
| He watched the sergeant going away having said not a word. | , , . |
I , , .
1. I , :
| I know the boy throwing stones into the pond. | , ( ). |
| I know the boy throwing stones into the pond. | , ( ) |
2. I :
| The trip is exciting. The news was surprising for everybody. (While) Reading this book, he learnt a lot. (While) Discharging the ship we found a few broken cases. Having been asked to return home earlier, he couldnt stay for dinner. He was silent as though waiting for a further question from me. | . . , . ( ,) . , . , , . |
3. I , , , , . when (, ), while (, , , , ), as if, as though (, , ). I , , , ( ):
|
|
|
4. I :
| Generally speaking, I like this country. Judging by appearance, he looked like an artist. | , . , . ( ,) |
5. I , . : supposing, assuming , , , ; seeing (as/that) , , , .
| Supposing it rains, what shall we do? Assuming the house is for sale, would you buy it? Seeing that youre already at the door, I suppose I must invite you inside. | , ? , . ? , , . |
6. I : failing , ; , ; regarding, respecting , considering , ; pending , , following , .
| Failing his arrival we shall stay here. What are his intentions regarding you? It is excusable considering how young he is. Pending his arrival they played chess. Following the lecture the meeting was open to discussion. | , , . ? , . . . |
1: I
.
1. There are tracks leading out across the desert in all directions.
2. The burden on the working population will only increase in coming years.
3. People taking business trips flow into cities and out again and dont see the countryside at all.
4. He talked to them in what he hoped was an unalarming voice.
5. They sat on the seat in matching playsuits.
6. The close was empty but for a white cat sitting under the tree.
7. Besides, she was so American-looking.
8. Arent high school boys just so frustrating?
9. She felt the warning signs of a hysteria.
10. It was a charming and fascinating book.
11. The really worrying thing was that Adam was so unreliable.
12. He anticipated the usually annoying rejoinder.
13. For tourists, the overwhelming attraction is the captivating view of daily life in the Roman Empire.
14. A new system of health checks is needed to take into account the different risks facing men and women.
15. The ancient city is needed to take into account the different risks facing men and women.
16. I once watched a child of two-half trying to stamp on little waves breaking across a wide beach.
|
|
|
17. The director of the camp, not wanting to break the news on the phone, had driven to Baltimore to tell them in person.
18. Thanks to the movies, gunfire has always sounded unreal to me, even when being fired at.
19. He told himself Jason was better off playing with kids than trailing about in the cold with him.
2: I.
.
1. The nurse smiled too. She could afford to, being twenty years younger.
2. I remained silent trying not to make the silence seem insulting.
3. I said not a word, having no word to say.
4. Taking advantage of the moment, the Romans invaded their territory.
5. Sometimes theyd seemed more like rivals, elbowing each other, competing over who was better.
6. Macon gave a lot of thought to that now, lying in his bed at night.
7. Chewing her gum steadily, the girl handed him a printed form and a pencil.
8. The dog was gazing upward with interest, as if following the conversation.
9. He sat to rest like a man taking several deep breaths before diving into the river.
10. Chief Superintendent was there, talking in knowing tones as if saying Barry was being very clever.
11. Mopsa, unpacking her thing, looked the epitome of a sensible, rather ordinary housewife.
12. But current administrators say this approach has become counterproductive, pointing out that they can barely afford to maintain the scores of monuments.
13. Its filmmakers aimed for a Hollywood-style hit, hiring a top director of television commercials, pouring money into marketing and special effects and scheduling a summer release.
14. In the harsh glare of the over-head light he looked almost menacing.
3: , I.
1. Considering the definition above, incidents generally can fall under one of these two scenarios.
2. Pending possible Community rules on ionization, meat products may not have been subjected to ionizing radiation.
3. This reduces the time to update most clients, assuming that the majority are on fast connections to the server.
4. Maybe we should throw a party, seeing that its Dans birthday next week.
5. Failing a purchaser, he let the house.
6. Seeing that the prices for land lots in the town are on the wax, the bride amounts follow suit.
7. If you have a query regarding method of payment only, please contact the Committee.
8. Considering the hydrolysis as first order reaction it is possible to draw to some conclusions.
9. Failing instructions I did what I thought best.
10. Requests for further information regarding the officials work should be directed to the Committee.
11. He talked for a long time respecting his future.
12. Failing payment, we shall sue.
13. Following dinner, brandy was served in the study.
14. Information regarding the availability of practise sites and times will be provided at the first Head Coaches meeting.
15. You managed the project well, considering your inexperience.
16. Considering the limited scope of the method it has as yet been used by comparatively few scholars.
17. Failing new evidence, the case will surely be lost.
18. Pending the application of this Directive, the relevant national rules shall apply, in compliance with the general rules of the Treaty.
19. We could not agree respecting the price.
20. Seeing that its your money you can buy whatever you want.
II
II . II , , , .
1. II , :
| He answered through the locked door. The new dam is a major construction project, funded by the government. They sent us all the goods mentioned. | . , . , . |
2. II , , , . when (, ), while (, , , , ), if (), whenever ( , ), unless ( ), until ( ), though (), as (, ), as if, as though ( , , ). II , :
|
|
|
| When cross-examined, Ann confessed. This was the breach of the law. If discovered, it would bring them into the police court. Her spirit, though crushed, was not broken. Unless given extra money, the theatre will have to close. Until asked, he wont stir a finger. He nodded as though lost in astonishment. | . . , . , . , . , . , . |
3. II :
| The gate was locked. He was impressed by the interview. | . . |
4. II . : provided, granted , , .
| I shall give you my dictionary provided you return it tomorrow. Granted that he did say so we can stay here. | , . , . |
5. II : given , , :
| Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. Given certain conditions, such work can be done by anybody. | , . . . |
1: II
.
1. Compiled by Womens University, the report is the fourth of its kind to be carried out since 1991.
2. The most commonly discussed recent therapies teach interpersonal skills for improving relationships.
3. Uniformed authorities were trying to deal with a clamour of questions.
4. He managed to get involved into the conversation.
5. They were standing in a hushed corridor carpeted in off-white.
6. This man was Jays undoubted father.
7. Meg stooped down to look at the brush strokes almost obliterated by yellow mould.
8. We were at sea, off the coast near Spain rolling about on an eighteenth-century man-of-war, commanded in the film by me.
9. Many municipalities in Japan cat the branches of roadsides before the leaves turn in the autumn, because residents find fallen leaves dirty and messy.
|
|
|
10. Smudged and disheveled and battered, Muriel held her other hand up. She didnt even feel surprised.
11. The study, conducted last year among 900 children, found that Japanese youngsters spend significantly less time outdoors than previous generations.
2: II,
.
1. He had the indrawn tenseness of someone placed in a physically close situation.
2. Privates could be cruel too, given half a chance.
3. Seated in a stenographers chair, tapping away at a typewriter he wrote a series of guidebooks for people forced to travel on business.
4. After the smallest snack he felt overfed.
5. He was unnaturally cool-headed.
6. Even the dog was discouraged.
7. He couldnt help feeling touched by the mans despairing face.
8. Dont cross your eyes, they might get stuck that way.
9. But companies find that given the long and hazardous commutes by train, employees are unable to bring their children to the daycare facility in central Tokyo.
10. He had that familiar feeling, a mixture of grief and relief, we all experience when prevented from doing a tedious job.
11. It might solve one of the long-standing puzzles in modern physics, known as the black hole information paradox.
12. Nevertheless, she wasnt mush inclined to make these cosy little evenings a regular event.
13. He didnt look particularly grateful. He himself was resigned.
14. That was a low-voiced conspirational discussion.
15. The maid was pasty-faced and breathing hard, so I sat her down on the top step.
3: II,
.
1. They will pay the bonus provided the job is completed on time.
2. Given good will, the proposal could be carried into effect.
3. You may remain, provided you keep silent.
4. Granted a new approach, the prospects for the economy are hopeful.
5. Given the engines condition, it is a wonder that it started.
6. The dog will never bite you provided you let it alone.
7. Granted that he made the statement, he would be obliged to keep his promise.
8. He will work, provided they pay him.
9. Given his present rank, he could out hopes for such success only if he managed to unite his own person and family with provincial nobility.
10. It could be the actual garden of Eden, given water, energy and a people to work the ground.
11. Byrons best speed now is eighteen knots, given time, the engineers can probably restore full power, but there is no time.
12. He can come with us, provided he pays for his own meals.
13. We made mistakes, but given the mood of our people and the French there was no stopping Hitler.
14. It was the worst thing that could have happened to them, given the time and the circumstances.
