0, :
1) x 0 Î ;
2) ;
3) 0, . .
. (9)
.
0, ( , , 0), 0 .
0
. :
, , , 0 ;
, , ;
, 0 " ";
( ) 0 , , 0 .
"" , I , II .
.
1) y = y = 2 . = 0
,
.
, (. 9).
2) y = 2 + y = 3. = 0 "" (. 10), , , .
3) y = tg x , . . .
II (. 11), ;
. 9 . 10 . 11
z = x + iy, (10)
, , i , . . ,
i 2 = 1.
= 0, z = 0 + iy .
= 0, z = x + i 0 = , , = = 0, z = 0.
n -
, ak , , n .
. : 2 + 9 = 0.
.
, 2 : .
z = x + iy (; ) - (. 12), = Re z z, = Im z .
|
. (. 12).
( (; )), φ ( (r; φ)). φ - .
|
|
, . ,
, arg z, :
(11)
z = 0 , r = 0.
(10)
.
, :
, (12)
. (13)
:
(14)
. z = 2 2 i, (13) (14).
,
,
, z :
.