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4. . , , , .
5. , ( , , ). , , .
6. ϳ .
7. 糿 .
8. , , , . .
9. . () , .
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-̲Ͳ Բ
1. Ͳ
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- г . Գ .
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2. Բ ̲
- .
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- г .
- . г V-.
- . г .
- . Գ f (v).
- . 㳿, , .
- ( ).
- . ... , ... .
- г --, .
3. . Ҳ
- . .
- .
- . .
- . г .
- . . 璺 .
- .
- . .
- .
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- . -.
- ʳ.
4.
- , . --.
- ij . .
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- ( ).
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5.
1. . : , , , T, c, .
2. . .
3. : . .
4. . ( ).
5. . : .
6. ʳ, -, ³.
7. . ( ).
8. г , . 㳿 .
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6. Բ
- .
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IJ˲ Ͳ, Բ,
1. г = + t + Ct3, = 2 , = 1 /, = 0,5 /3. , υ t = 2 .
. , , t:
= (2 + 1 × 2 0,5 × 23) = 0.
:
t = 2 .
υ = (1 3 × 0,5 × 22) / = 5 /.
, :
t = 2 .
= 6 ( 0,5) × 2 /2 = 6 /2.
2. ҳ j = + t + t2, = 10 , = 20 /, = - 2 /2. , r = 0,1 , t = 4 .
. , , , (. 1).
,
(1)
:
1.
t = e r, an = w2 r,
w ;
e - .
ϳ t n (1),
(2)
w , :
t = 4
w = [20 + 2 (-2)× 4] / = 4 /.
, :
; , . ϳ w e r (2),
3. m1 = 20 l = 2 . ³ m2 = 80 ( ) . , a = 300 .
. ³ , . , , 䳺 : (. 2) . - . , , , ,
2.
1 + 2 = /1 + /2, (1)
1 2 ;
/1 /2 .
(1) , , 2 = 0 ( 䳿 ), , 䳿 :
m1υix = (m1 + m2) ,
m1υi cos a = (m1 + m2) ,
υi ;
υix = υi cos a .
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:
(2)
υ1 㳿:
,
h = l sin a. ϳ m1
ϳ υ1 (2), :
ϳ :
4. , m = 80 (. 3), , , m1 = 100 m2 = 200 . ? .
. . , . : ( ) , , ( ) :
m1g T1 = -m1a. (1)
г :
m2g T2 = -m2a. (2)
ϳ 䳺 , , e (e = / r).
(3)
3.
( ) Z.
1. ³ 2. , (3) 1 2, (1) (2):
ϳ r , :
(4)
³ (4) . m1, m2 m , . Ѳ. ϳ
5. R = 1,5 m1 = 180 n = 10 -1. m2 = 60 . , ?
. . Z, , . LZ :
LZ = JZw = const, (1)
JZ Z;
w .
, , JZ = J1 + J2, J1 ; J2 .
(1)
(J1 + J2) w = const,
(2)
J1 J2 ; - .
Z : . , J2 ( ) . ( ) ϳ (2) , w n (w = 2pn) w/ v (w/ = u/R):
ϳ R2 , :
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, n = 10 -1 = 1/6 -1, Ѳ :
6. n = 10 . , , max = 1 . .
. г
= sin (wt + j1), (1)
= cos (wt + j2), (2)
;
w ;
t ;
j1 j2 .
,
= max. (3)
w n
w = 2pn. (4)
. (1), : t = 0
xmax = Asin j1,
2p ,
j1 = p / 2. (5)
j2 = 2 pk (k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ).
, ,
j2 = 0. (6)
(3) (6) :
x = xmax cos 2 pnt,
max = 1 = 10-3 ; n = 10 .
. 4.
4.
7. N , ᒺ V = 1 3 , m1 . , , , d .
. N , m, NA n
N = nNA.
n = m / m,
m ,
ᒺ V,
(1)
ϳ (1) : r = 103 /3; V = 1 3 = 10-9 3; m = 18 × 10-3 /; N = 6,02× 1023 -1 :
m1 :
ϳ m N, :
, , ᒺ ( ) V1 = d3, d .
(2)
ᒺ V1 , ᒺ Vm , NA:
ϳ V1 (2):
ᒺ, , Vm = m / r.
. (3)
, (3) :
(3) :
8. m1 = 80 m2 = 320 . = 1 , = 300 . , ᒺ V .
. , , . , , , .
, 1 2 :
,
= 1 + 2, ,
ᒺ
(1)
Ѳ , : m1 = 80 = 0,08 ; m1 = 32 × 10-3 /; m2 = 320 = 0,32 ; m2 = 40 × 10-3 /; = 1 = 106 ; R = 8,31 / (×).
ϳ (1) :
9. m = 2 ᒺ V1 = 1 3 1 = 0,2 . ᒺ V2 = 3 3, ᒺ 3 = 0,5 . DU 㳿 , Q, . .
.. 㳿
(1)
( = 5);
μ .
(2)
5.
Ѳ: m = 2 , m = 32 × 10-3 /, R = 8,31 / ( × ), V1 = 1 3, V2 = V3 = 3 3, 1 = 2 = 0,2 = 2 × 105 , 3 = 0,5 = 5 × 105 . ϳ (2) 䳿, :
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ϳ (1) , , 䳿,
ϳ ,
, ᒺ, , 2 = 0. , , , = 1 + 2 = 0,4 × 106 .
, Q, , 㳿 DU : Q = DU + A, , Q = 0,4 × 106 + 3,24 × 106 = 3,64 × 106 = 3,64 .
. 5.
10. m = 0,02 = 300 . , ᒺ n1 = 5 , , ᒺ n2 = 5 . , . .
. ᒺ , ,
g ᒺ ( g = 1,4);
2:
ϳ ,
50,4 = 1,91 ( ),
1 :
V ᒺ.
ϳ : R = 8,31 / ( × ), = 5 ( ), m = 2 × 10-3 /, m = 0,02 , 1 = 300 , 2 = 157 䳿,
2
n2 = V2 / V3 = 5.
ϳ , , 䳿,
, . . 6.
6.
11. Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = 1 . Q4 , ?
. , , . , , - , Q1, . Q1 , , , (. 7):
(1)
- , Q1 Q2, Q3, Q4;
-
, (1) F F4 = 0,
F4 = F.
F F2 F3 , F3 = F2,
7.
, Q2 = Q3 = Q1,
. (2)
,
cos a = cos 600 = ½.
(2)
ϳ Q1 = 1 = 10-9 ,
, .
12. Q1 = 1 Q2 = -2 d = 10 . j , , Q1 r1 = 9 Q2 r2 = 7 .
. , . , : . , (e = 1) Q1,
, (1)
Q2
. (2)
(. 8) Q1, Q1 ; Q2, Q2 .
8.
:
(3)
a - 1 2, r1, r2 d:
.
cos a :
ϳ 1 (1) 2 (2) (3) ¼ pe0 , :
(4)
ϳ (4) :
=3,58 × 103 / = 3,58 /.
Q2 , , . (. 8).
j , Q1 i Q2, ,
j = j1 + j2. (5)
, Q r ,
(6)
(5) (6)
ϳ ,
13. 1 = 3 U1 = 40 . ϳ 璺 2 = 5 . W1 ?
. W1, ,
W/ = W1 W2, (1)
W1 , ;
W2 , , .
:
(2)
;
U .
(1) 㳿 W1 i W2 (2) , 璺 ,
, (3)
U2 .
, , U2 :
ϳ U2 (3),
ϳ
W/:
14. r = 20 Dt = 2 o = 0 = 6 (. 9). Q1, , Q2 , Q2/ Q1.
. - Q = 2 r t ( = const). ,
dQ = 2 rdt. (1)
.
= kt, (2)
k , ,
9.
(2) (1)
dQ = k2 rt2 dt. (3)
, Dt, (3) t1 t2:
, , t1 = 0, t2 = 1 ,
Q2 t1 = 1 c, t2 = 2 c,
, Q2/Q1 = 420 / 60 = 7, 7 , .
15. , (. 10). r1 = 100 , r2 = 50 , r3 = 20 , ... e1 = 2 . 3 = 50 , , . ... e2 . .
. ʳ.
ʳ. , S = 0.
ʳ. - ..., .
, ( , ...). ʳ, :
1. : ) ( ) ; ) .
2. ʳ , , ; , , . , .
10.
3. ʳ , : ) ( r) , ; r ; ) ... , , ; ... .
, ʳ, , . . , , . , , , , , .
. , ., .
ʳ F
1 2 3 = 0. (1)
ʳ DFA
1r1 I2r2 = e1,
1
1r1 + I2r2 = e1. (2)
³ FGHA
1r1 + I3 r3 = e2. (3)
ϳ (1), (2) (3) :
1 2 0,05 = 0;
501 + 252 = 1;
1001 + 0,05 × 20 = e2.
, , :
1 2 = 0,05;
501 + 252 = 1;
1001 e2 = 1.
, e2 , .
D :
De2:
De2 D, ... e2:
e2 = -300 / -75 = 4 .
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