.


:

:



,



( , )

:

































 

 

 

 
FAQ

1 2 ( 2 III 5 IV )

⇐ 12345678910 ⇒



2. :

3 (( 3 ) 4 ( 4 ) . , , , 1. :

1,2 1 7,8 4

3,4 2 9,0 5

5,6 3

. , . , . , . , , . . .

() , 2.

, . , . , .

, . .

3 4 - .

 

3-

( 1 2 );

3.;

: , . , ;

, , , . NAVAREA,NAVTEX ( 8-10 3, Unit III).

- , (600 20 );

NAVAREA,NAVTEX ( 15 );

( ) . .

 

4-

( 1 2 );

. NAVAREA,NAVTEX ( 1-2 7, Unit I).

4.;

: , , . .

- , (600 20 );

NAVAREA,NAVTEX ( 15 );

( ) . .

 

 

2.

UNIT I LIGHTS ()

VOCABULARY

light alternating / fixed flashing/group-flashing occulting/group-occulting leading (front/rear) navigation/revolving unwatched/isophase   structure base/hut column/tower lighthouse light-ship/light-vessel pile/pillar/mast pole/post/staff framework structure   material brick/stone/wood(en) concrete/iron/steel   shape of towers/lighthouses circular/square triangular/rectangular pyramidal/quadrangular hexagonal/octagonal units of distance/depth cable fathom foot (pl. feet) mile/meter   elevation (at an elevation of 11 m) height (18 feet in height) in line with to exhibit = to show flash/eclipse to be situated visibility/visible stripe/band extremity/point N - North/northern/northward S - South/southern/southward E - East/eastern/eastward W - West/western/westward latitude/longitude/degree bearings; to bear The rear light is exhibited from a white tower. Light is shown from a black pile/   / /- /- (/) / /   , /, , / , , // , //, ()   //() //   , / / / /   / (.. ) /   ( 11 ) (18 ) , , / , / / , / // // // // // ; . .

Exercises:

1. Read and translate the text:

TOPIC: LIGHTS

Lights are used for safe navigation. There are several types of lights:

The Fixed light (F) is a light that shines continuously.

The Flashing light (Fl) is a light with a short light interval and a long dark interval. It may be quick (Q) 50-80 flashes per minute or very quick (VQ) 80-160 flashes per minute.

The Occulting light (Oc/Occ) has a long light interval and a short dark interval.

Group lights are flashing (Gr.Fl) or occulting (Gr.Oc) lights in which the light-intervals are exhibited in groups that are repeated at regular intervals, for example Fl(3) or Oc(2).

The Isophase light (ISO) has a light interval equal to dark interval.

All lights are mostly of white (W), red (R), blue (Bl/Bu) and green (Gr) colour. In case a light changes its colour it is called alternating.

The Alternating light (Alt) is a light that shows different colours alternately, for example AltWGR (Alternating light White/Green/Red).

The most conspicuous ( ) light by far is the Flashing light. It is always used to indicate danger. The least conspicuous light is the Fixed light. It is usually used to illuminate and object or an area.

When leading lights are exhibited, the front light is always lower than the rear light.

Lights are exhibited from different conspicuous structures, such as towers, poles, posts, buoys, beacons, staffs, masts and lighthouses.

 

TOPIC: LIGHTHOUSES

A lighthouse is a structure exhibiting light. This light serves as an aid to navigation. Lighthouses are built on land and at sea. In most cases lighthouses are erected on solid foundations.

Lighthouses vary in shape. They can be circular, pyramidal, quadrangular, square, cylindrical, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal. They are built of stone, brick, concrete, iron, steel, wood, etc.

Lighthouses are painted white, yellow, red, etc. Sometimes they are painted in horizontal and vertical stripes of different colours.

 

2. Read and translate extracts from Pilot Books into Russian:

 

1. A light is exhibited at an elevation of 71 feet from a black post, situated on S. Point.

2. A fixed light is exhibited at an elevation of 20 feet from an octagonal concrete structure, 17 feet in height, situated on the head of the eastern pier.

3. A group flashing light (two flashes in each group) every 15 seconds is shown at an elevation of 155 feet from a white iron tower on the summit of J. It is visible 18 miles.

4. A flashing light is shown, at an elevation of 83 feet, from a red column on a pyramidal structure, painted in red and white horizontal bands, situated about 2 miles north-eastward of the entrance to the river.

5. Alternating lights, on the south-western shore of Nord Bay about 4½ miles south-south-eastward of Vue, are exhibited at an elevation of 45 and 61 feet, from quadrangular structures, painted white, each with a red vertical stripe in the middle. These lights in line, bearing 208, lead to the anchorage.

6. An unwatched light is exhibited at an elevation of 39 feet from a red circular tower, 40 feet in height, situated on Cape Saint Mary.

7. A flashing light is exhibited at an elevation of 408 feet from a white wooden framework structure, 30 feet in height, situated on M.Head.

8. Two leading lights are exhibited, the front light, at an elevation of 12 feet, from a lighthouse, situated on the northern side of Zamalin Harbor close to the coast and about 8 cables northward of Crew Point on the northern extremity of Allan Island; and the rear light at an elevation of 20 feet, from a circular hut, situated about ¾ of a cable northward of the front light. These lights in line, bearing 346, lead into Zamalin Harbor.

9. An occulting light is exhibited, at an elevation of 149 feet from a round brick tower, 39 feet in height, situated on Ash point. A fog signal is sounded from this lighthouse.

10. From a triangular white tower, 26 feet high on Cape Saint Mary, is exhibited at an elevation of 340 feet an alternating light, showing alternately white and red, every ½ minute; the white light is visible 19 miles, and the red 14, in clear weather.

11. The rear light elevated 91 feet, is shown from a white tower with a red vertical stripe, 99 feet in height, erected just westward from the front light.

12. The front light is shown from a white square tower with a red band, 36 feet in height, erected ¼ of a mile eastward of Battery bank.

 

3. Choose the right translation:

 

10 10   framework structure 10 feet in height triangular iron column square wooden pillar unwatched light leading light southern side of the harbor westward of the point at an elevation of 10 feet on the northern shore

4. Make pairs of antonyms:

 

north front (light) fixed (light) near eastern white dark clear (weather) flash western light eclipse rear south far flashing black bad (stormy)

 

5. Make pairs of synonyms:

 

elevation point stripe to show post structure light-ship to be situated band to exhibit building to be located light-vessel cape height staff

6. Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:

 

  5. -
  6. ,
  8. 10
  10. ;

 

7. Choose the correct answer:

 

  1. A light which is constantly visible. 1. isophase light
  2. A light which changes its colour is 2. occulting light
  3. A light which has equal dark and light intervals is 3.alternating light
  4. A light which has a longer light interval and a shorter dark one. 4. flashing light
  5. The eclipse of this light is longer than that of light. 5. fixed light

 

8. Memorize the following charted abbreviations:

Lt, Lts F Fl Iso Eint VQFl Q/Qk F1 Al Alt IQ Int Qk Fl Gr (2) Gp 2 Fl (3) Gp Fl 3 F F1 F F1 (3) v Vis Bu Bl G R W Y (U) Occasl Occas Li ht, Li hts Fixed 1. Oc culting l. Flashing 1. Isophase Equal interval 1.   Very quick flashing 1. Quick flashing 1. Alternating 1. Interrupted quick flashing 1.   Group occulting 1. (two ecli ses) Group flashing (three flashes in a group) Fixed and flashing 1. Fixed and group flashing 1. every Visible (range) Blue Green Red White Yellow, amber, orange Unwatched 1. Occasional , ,   - (2 ) - (3 ) - Ƹ, , , , ,

9.Decipher the following abbreviations of lights, using the example

Example: Gr. Fl (2) 5 sec. 105 ft. 20M

group flashing light, two flashes in group, the period of flash is 5 seconds, the elevation is 105 feet, the distance of visibility is 20 miles. , , 5 , 105 , 20 .

 

1. Gr. . (4) WR5 sec. 110 ft. 10M (U)

2. Alt. W. R. 50 ft. 10

3. Fl. 4 sec. 120 ft. 15

4. Iso R 2 sec.

5. F. R. 45 ft. 12

 

10. Read the following abbreviations in full and give their Russian equivalents:

 

Lat. 3459N., Long. 2645E.

Lat. 5730S., Long. 11950E.

Lat. 3015N., Long. 8859W.

Lat. 4618S., Long. 8920E.

Lat. 6753N., Long. 4408W.

Lat. 6612S., Long. 4345E.

Lat. 7503N., Long. 11348W.

Lat. 1561N., Long. 6129 W.

 

⇐ 12345678910 ⇒


:

: 2016-12-05; !; : 1378 |

:

:

, .
==> ...

1798 - | 1678 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.032 .