.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

. .

, .

. 0 10, 1 1 .

:

- . . ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- .

3 4 . , , , .

, , , , .

.

.

, , .

.

, , .

 

1

1. .

2. ( 30). . .

3. .

4. .

 

. 1: 500 h = 2.5 ,

 

 
 

 


 

. H2

 

. H2

 

2

1. , , ?

2. ?

3. , .

4. ( ).

 

. : h = 10 , ( ) d1 = 48.2 , b1 = 37 . d2 = 46 , b2 = 10 , L = 50 .

 
 

 

 


1. L = 50 2.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 


 

3

1. .

2. -30?

3. . .

4. ?

 

. 1-2 1-2 = 168 27' R1-2 =?

 

 

C

 

4

1. , .

2. ?

3. , .

4. .

 

. ( ).

1 = 12.830

= 2570

=1285

2 =?


5

1. . .

2. ?

3. ? ? , ?

4. () .

 

. 2 2 = 1.25, 3 3 = 0,20. 100.

6

1. ? . ?

2. ?

3. (, )?

4. .

 

. (.2) (.1) :

1 = 3280; Y1 = 8150

L1-2 = 280,70

1-2 ( ) = 177 30'

7

1. ?

2. ?

3. ? ?

4. .

 

. ( ) . :

= 1828'

= 16134'

8

1. 20 .

2. . . .

3. ?

4. .

 

. (, ), .

: 1 = 200.70; Y! = 350.20

: 2 = 142.8; Y2 = 420.30

9

1. ? ? ? .

2. ? .

3. ?

4. ?

. , , :

 

 
4. 1000   8. 1676   12. 1954     16. 2190
1. 1230 2. 1370 3. 1450 4. 1585

    5. 1315     6. 1390   7. 1470 8. 1600
  9. 1350   10. 1420     11. 1495. 12. 1630

 

= 29.300

= 1270

10

1. ?

2. ?

3. ?

4. .

. .

i = +0.005

L = 10 .

70

(1) = 29.450.

 


1

h = 5 , 1: 200

 

 

 
 

 


 

.

 

 

 

, h. 5 . d ( ) (2). d . b . b .

∆h = (b ˟ h) ׃ d

, 245 , .

 

+ (b ˟ h ׃ d)

 

2

: h = 2.5 , ( ) d1 = 37.5 , b1 = 30 d2 = 40 , b2 = 8 , L = 100 .

 

 
 

 

 


1. L = 100 2.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 


 

 

, h. 2.5 .

, (150 ) . ∆h1 =b1 ˟ h ׃ d1.

, 1

 

+ (b1 ˟ h ׃ d1) = 150 + (30 ˟ 2.5 ׃ 37.5) = 152

 

2.

 

+ (b2 ˟ h ׃ d2) = 150 + (8 ˟ 2.5 ׃ 40) = 150.5

 

() , ∆h1-2.

∆h1-2 ׃ L = 1.5 ׃ 100 = 0.015

, 1000. 15. , 0.015. 0 51' 34".

 

3

1-2, 15243'.

 

, , 90 180.

R = 180 - A.

, 1-2 180 - 15243' = 2717'.

4

: .

:

.

- 1 = 29,750 .

= 2810.

= 1630.

 

1. .

∆h = 2810 1630 = + 1180.

- = = 1080 (+ 1 180) ( 2 1 180 ). , , ,

2 = 29,750 + 1,180 = 30,93

 

2. . , = 1 + = 29,750 + 2,810 = 32,56

2 = = 32,56 1,630 = 30,93.

5

2 2 = 0,78, 3 3 = 0,15. 100.

 

: , . 2 , 0,78 , 3 ,15 .

2

 

0,78 ׃ (0,78 + 0,15) ˟ 100 = 83, 87

6

(.2) (.1) :

1 = 4250; Y1 = 6730

L1-2 = 120,10

1-2 ( ) = 148 30'

 

.

. ( 90 180) 180 - = 180 - 148 30' = 3130'

 

∆ = cos R ˟ L = 0.85264 ˟120,10 = 102.402

∆Y = sin R ˟ L = 0.52325 ˟ 120.10 = 62.842

 

. ∆ , ∆Y . , 2 = 1 - ∆ = 4250 102.402 = 4147.598

Y

 

Y2 = Y1 + ∆Y = 6730 + 62.842 = 6792.842.

 

 

7

( ) .

 

:

= 1646'

= 16316'

 

1. .

= ( + + 180) ׃ 2

 

,

90, 360.

,

 

= (360 + 1646' + 16316' + 180) ׃ 2 = 72002' ׃ 2 = 36001'

 

35 :

( + ) ׃ 2

2. :

 

(360 + 1646') - 36001' = +1645'

( ) ׃ 2 = (360 + 1646') - 16316' = 3330' ׃ 2 = 1645'

 

, .

8

(, ), .

: 1 = 320.50; Y! = 780.20

: 2 = 230.70; Y2 = 900.10

 

1. .

∆ = 2 1 = 230.70 320.50 = -89.80

∆Y = Y2 Y1 = 900.10 780.20 = +119.90

, .

2. : ∆Y ׃

R = 119.90 ׃ 89.80 = 1.3352

= 5310'

.

3. :

∆ ׃ cosR = 89.80 ׃ 0.5995 = 149.79

∆Y ׃ sin R = 119.90 ׃ 0.8004 = 149.80

√∆2 + ∆Y2 = √ (8064.04 + 14376.01) = √22440.05 = 149.80

4. ,

(149.79 + 149.80 + 149.80) ׃ 3 = 149.797

9

, , :

 

 

 
4. 1000   8. 1676   12. 1954     16. 2190
1. 1359 2. 1490 3. 1570 4. 1700

    5. 1430     6. 1510   7. 1590 8. 1720
  9. 1470   10. 1540     11. 1610. 12. 1750

= 18.700

= 1300


1. ( ) .

= + = 18.700 + 1.300 = 20.00

׸ .

1 = 20.00 1.350 = 18.65

2 = 20.00 1.490 = 18.51

3 = 20.00 1.570 = 18.43

4 = 20.00 1.700 = 18.30

5 = 20.00 1.430 = 18.51

6 = 20.00 1.510 = 18.49

7 = 20.00 1.590 = 18.41

8 = 20.00 1.720 = 18.28

9 = 20.00 1.470 = 18.53

10 = 20.00 1.540 = 18.46

11 = 20.00 1.610 = 18.39

12 = 20.00 1.750 = 18.25

2. () :

= (∑1 + 2˟∑2 +4˟ ∑4) ׃ 4˟n

:

1 , ( ). 1, 4, 9, 12.

2 , ( ). 2, 3, 8, 11, 10, 5.

4 , ( ). 6 7.

n .

, = (73.73 + 2˟110.64 + 4˟36.90) ׃ 4 ˟ 6 = 18.40

3. : = -

1 = 18.40 18.65 = -0.25

2 = 18.40 18.51 = -0.11

3 = 18.40 18.43 = -0.03

4 = 18.40 18.30 = +0.10

5 = 18.40 18.57 = -0.17

6 = 18.40 18.49 = -0.09

7 = 18.40 18.41 = -0.01

8 = 18.40 18.28 = +0.12

9 = 18.40 18.53 = -0.13

10 = 18.40 18.46 = -0.06

11 = 18.40 18.39 = +0.01

12 = 18.40 18.25 = +0.15

.

10

.

i = -0.002

L = 25 .

250

(1) = 42.100.

: = (i ˟ L) = 42.100 (0.002 ˟ 250) = 41.6

i

L .

.

42.100 (0.002 ˟ 25) = 42.050

.

42.100 (0.002 ˟ 50) = 42.000

.

42.100 (0.002 ˟ 75) = 41.950

.

42.100 (0.002 ˟ 100) = 41.900

.

42.100 (0.002 ˟ 125) = 41 850

.

42.100 (0.002 ˟ 150) = 41.800

.

42.100 (0.002 ˟ 175) = 41.750

.

42.100 (0.002 ˟ 200) = 41.700

.

42.100 (0.002 ˟ 225) = 41.650

.

42.100 (0.002 ˟ 250) = 41.600

 






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