..., ..., ..., ..., ..., ..., , ..., ..., ..., ..., ..., ...
! .
, - ; ; , ;
, -;
; , -
, ; , , -
, , ;
,
1. .
.__________________________________________
________________
.___________
.__________________________________________________________
._________________________________________________________
.____________________________
._________________________________________________
, .____________________________________
4.
. .
1. .
_________________________________________
2. :______________________________________
_________________________________
, , ________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
____________________________
7. _______________________________________________
- ________________________________________________________________
9. :
|
|
ü _____________________________________________
ü _____________________________________________
ü _____________________________________________
ü _____________________________________________
10. :
ü _____________________________________________
ü _____________________________________________
ü _____________________________________________
11. __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
12. : _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. , . .
1. | ||
2. | ||
3. | ||
4. | ||
5. | ||
6. | ||
7. | ||
8. | ||
9. | ||
10. | ||
11. | ||
12. | ||
13. | ||
14. |
3. , . ?
1. , , .
2. .
3. , , .
4. IV , 281,9 .
5. .
6. , -, .
4. , (, , ) .
1. , , , , , - . | |
2. , , . | |
3. . | |
4. , , . , . | |
5. , ... |
5. , (, , , ) .
1. - , , ._____________
2. , , , ._______________________________________
|
|
3. , .______________________________
4. ( ), , , ._________________________________________
5. , , . ________________________________________________________
6. , , ._____________________________________________
6. . . .
1. , , :
,
.
,
:- , , !
? , , , , . , , ( ) : . ? : . , ? , . , , , , , , . , , , .
( )
______________________________________________________________________
2.
, -? , . - , .
, , , . . ?
, , , , , . , , , . 1819 . , .
- , . , , , . , , , , .
. . . 1853 , , , 18631866 , .
( ., .)
______________________________________________________________________
|
|
3.
(. terminus , , ). , - , , , . , , , , , . (, , ), ( , , ; , , ). . , , , , , ; - , , , ; , , , . (, , , ..)
( - .. ..)
__________________________________________________________________
:___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
:________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
:______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
7. .
. , , , .
. , , , , . , () . , . : -, , , , - . ( 1997).
: , , ; , : . . -, -, ,
, , .
8. , . , -, ?
:_____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
:_____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
:______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
|
|
9. .
1. - _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. - _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
10. , ?
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
! .
υ , , , , , , , .
!