3. (. ).
- , .
1 - ; 2 - - ; 3 - , ; 4 - , .
3.1. , , -, , , , .
3.2. * , , .
* , , , ( .).
3.3. * , , , , .
* - , , , , , , .
3.4. * , , , , , .
* , , , .
4. - (.. .545).
4.1. , (), , , .
4.2. , , , .
4.3. , , , , . , .
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4.4. , , , , , , .
4.5. , , , , .
4.6. , -, , , - , , *.
* (, , .). .
III.
. , , , . , , , , , .
5. , , , . .
5.1. . , , . , , .
5.2. . , , , , , , , , .
5.3. . , , , , . .
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6. , . , , , .
6.1. . , . .
6.2. . , , - , , , , - , . , , . .
6.3. . , , , - . , .
7. , , , , , . , , , .
7.1. , . , , , , , , . , , , , , .
7.2. . , , , , , . , , , .
7.3. , . , , , , , . , , , , .
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8. , , , , , , , . , , .
8.1. . , , , , , , . , , , , , , , .
8.2. . , , , , .
8.3. . , , . , - , .
9. , , , , .
1. .., .., .., .. . ., 1959. 263 .
2. .. // . ., 1967. . 2.
3. .. . ., 1969.
4. .. . ., 1976. 360 .
5. .. . ., 1982. 336 .
6. . : - , 1976.
7. . . ., 1950. 798 .
8. ..., .. : . . ., 1982.
9. . . ., 1970.
10. . . .: . . . . 2, ., 1963.
11. .., .., .. . ., 1965. 256 .
12. .. .., 1961, 1996.
13. .. . , 1974. 142 .
14. .. . ., 1981.
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15. .., .. . : I. . ., 1983. 218.
16. .. . ., 1981. 83 .
17. .., . ., . . . ., 1983. . 62-81.
18. .X. . ., 1946. 187 .
19. .. - . ., 1981.
20. . . . . ., 1984.
21. .. . . ., 1931.
22. ., . . ., 1974. 550 .
23. .. . ., 1979. 320 .
24. . , // .., 1964.
25. : , , / . .. ., 1982. 286 .
26. .. // . . 3. ., 1965.
27. / . .. , .. . ., 1987.
28. / . .. . ., 1976. 479 .
29. .. . ., 1980. 165 .
30. / . .. . ., 1987.
31. / . .. .. . ., 1972. 248 .
32. / - .. , .. . ., 1974. 252 .
33. / . .. , .. , .. . ., 1976. . 131-154.
34. .. . , 1966. 329 .
35. .. // . . 3. ., 1965.
36. .. . ., 1977.
37. . . . I. . 1980. 312 .; . II. ., 1980. 280 .
38. .. . ., 1970.
39. .. . ., 1966.
40. . , .: . . . ., 1967.
41. c .. . 2- . . 1; ., 1960. 686 .; .2. ., 1963. 1038 .
42. .. . ., 1972. 430 .
43. ., . . . VI. ., 1978. 282 .
44. .. : . ., , 1997.
45. .. . . ., 1981.
46. .. . . , 13, ., 1940.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
I. .................................................................................................................................................... 3
II. . ................................................. 22
2.1 ( )................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
2.2 ( )............................................................................................................... 28
2.3 ( )..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
2.4 ( )..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
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III. ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.1 ............................... 34
3.2 . 36
3.3 ............................................................................................................................................................... 39
3.4 ................................................................................................................................. 41
3.5 ( )........................................................................................................................ 44
3.6 ................................................................................ 45
( -)................................................................................................................................................................... 45
3.7 .......................................................................................................................................................... 46
3 3.8 (-)................................................................................................................................................................................. 48
IV. .................................................................................................................................................. 50
4.1 - ...................................................................................................... 51
( )....................................................................................................................................................... 51
4.2 ( )..................................................................................................................................................... 52
V. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 55
5.1 ............ 57
5.2 .............................................................................................. 59
5.3 .......................................................... 62
5.4 .......................................................................................................... 64
5.5 ........................................................................................ 66
5. 6 ......................... 68
5.7 ......................................................................... 71
5.8 , .......................... 75
VI. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 79
6.1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 80
6.2 ( -).......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 82
6.3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 84
6.4 ( , .)....................................................................................................................................................................... 85
VII. - ................. 87
7.1 ( )..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 89
7.2 - һ............................................................................................................................................................................. 90
7.3 - .......................... 92
7.4 - .................................................................................................................................................................... 93
7.5 - . Ȼ ( -)............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 95
7.6 - 96
7.7 . ɻ................................................................................................................................................................................. 98
7.8 λ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 99
7.9 ɻ......... 100
7.10 ( ջ).......................................................... 101
7.11 - ʻ............................................................................................................................................... 103
7.12 ֻ......................................................................................................................................................................... 104
7.13 ................................................................................... 106
- ()............................................... 107
7.14 () ................................................................................................. 109
7.15 ........................................................................................ 112
7.16 ................................................................................................................................ 113
...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 114
7.17 . ().. 115
7.18 Ȼ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 116
7.19 ................................................................................................. 116
7.20 Ȼ 117
7.21 - ............................................................................................................................................. 119
7.22 120
7.23 ........................................................................................................................................... 122
7.24 ........... 124
7.25 ........................................................ 125
7.26 ................................................................ 127
VIII. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 127
8.1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 128
8.2 ................................................................................................... 133
8.3 ( - )............................................................................................................... 135
8.4 ............................................................................................. 138
IX. : , , , ......................... 141
9.1 ( )............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 145
9.2 ( ).................................................................................................................................................................................................... 149
9.3 151
9.4 ( )........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 154
9.5 .................................................................. 155
9.6 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 157
9.7 ............................................. 159
9.8 ........................................................................................................................... 161
9.9 ( . --).............................................................................................................................................................. 163
9.10 ..................................................................................... 167
9.11 ...................................................................................................... 171
X. : . . .................................................................................................................................................. 174
10.1 ............................................................................................................... 174
10.2 ............................................................................................................ 176
10.3 .................................................................................................................................. 177
10.4 ................................................................................................................................................ 179
10.5 - ( )............. 180
10.6 ( )...................................................................... 184
10.7 ................................................................................................................................................ 187
10.8 ..................................................................................................................................... 189
10.9 , , , .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 193
10.10 FPI1 197
10.11 ....................................................................... 203
10.12 . .............................................................................................................................................. 206
10.14 . ɻ ........................................................................................................................................... 211
10.15 . ................................................................................................................................................................................... 213
XI. - : . . ................................................................................................. 214
11.1 ................................................................................................... 214
11.2 ........................................................... 221
11.3 ................................................................................................. 223
11.4 .. 228
11.5 ......................................................................................................... 231
11.6 ............ 232
11.7 .................................................... 235
11.8 .... 238
11.9 ............................................................................................... 243
11.10 ........................................................................ 246
11.11 ....................... 248
11.12 * ................................................................................................................................................................................... 251
11.13 ............................................................................................ 254
XII. - : . , ............................................................................................................. 256
12.1 »...... 256
12.2........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 258
.................... 258
3 12.3 ........................ 260
12.4 - , , ........ 261
12.5 .................................................................. 269
3 12.6 (Q-)........................................................ 274
XIII. - . ............................ 278
13.1 - ................................................. 278
13.2 - ............................................................................................................................................................. 283
13.3 ........................................ 288
13.4 ........ 290
13.5 ................................................................................................................................ 294
13.6 - .......................................... 298
13.7 - ........................................................................................................ 300
13.8 - ............................ 304
XIV. : , , , , .................................................................................................................................................................... 307
14.1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 307
14.2 . 314
14.3 ( )*..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 320
14.4 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 322
14.5 ................................................................................................................. 325
3 14.6 ................................................................................................................................... 330
14.7 - ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 333
14.8 ............................................................................................................................ 338
14.9 ..................................................................... 341
.................................................................................................. 344
.............................................................................................................................................................. 349
