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1880 ., " ". , . , 1904 . . , , . 1914 . " ". , . . . . , , . 1916. "" - , . "" . 1917 . . 1918 . , . . 1905 1916 . , . 1913 . 1914-16 . . , , , . 8 1918 . , , 29 . - , , . , , - , (14 1920.). 1920 .

(1920-1925 .) 21 "" 2 . 14 - 5 . . " " . . (3 1920 .). . , . . , . , - , , . 15 1925 . . 1921 1922 . . . , . 1924 . . , , . , . 20 1925 . , . , 1924 . , , . , , , . 1905 . - 1925 . , , , . 20 , , 2- 6- , . - , : 1. .. 2. , , , , 1914-19., - 20- 30- . 3. , , , . 4. , . 5. , . 22 1941. , , , . : , - - , . 1941-45 . . , , . . 1942 . 1943 . , "" . 1944 . . , . 1944 . . . . , , 1941., . , . - , 1944. 26 . , - 2-3 . , " 1904 . . 5 1945 . , 9 1945 . . 2 1945 ., , , . - , 19 1956 .

2. , , , . , , , , , . , , . , . 1,2 . . , 37% . 1999 ., 379 246,8 . . 1998 . 86,0 . ., 63,2% 136,1 . . - 1999 . 920 . ., 45 . "-2" 1999 . 364 16,1 . ., - 8,5 . . (53% ). "-1", 11 , 1999 . 5,2 . ., 5 4,0 . ., 64,7% . 121 , 87 - . , 1998 . , . "-1" "-2", 70 . . 20 - , - 1977 . , 1979 - , 1984 - , 1986 - -, 1989 - -. , 4 . . " ", 14 1995.

"-1". " -1" , 1995 ., 1996 ., 145 C 360 . . 1996-99 ., (60 . ), "-2" (60 . ), "-2" (8 . ), (0,7 . ). , -, 7-50 - . 20-50 . , 1200 2900 . , , "" - 1989 . 1975 . Sakhalin Oil Development Co. (SODECO). $180 . $300 . , ( 1989 . -), , "". 1991 . Exxon. "-2". "-1" : - Exxon Neftegas Limited () - 30%, "" - 17%, "-" - 23%, SODECO () - 30%. 30 1995 . , 1996 . - 290 . , - 33 . - 425 . . 24.1 . 19.7 . . . . 21,7%. 16%. $12,7 ., - $16 . - 12 . 33 . $53,4 ., - $48,9 . 1997 . - , - -6, 7, 8. -1 1997 . $186 . 20 1997 . "-" (50,6% "") $200 ., -. "- " , "-" ( "- "). 1998 . SODECO , "-1". 10 1998 . "" "-1" - ($3,36 .). 1998 . "-1" "-" - "" "". 1998 . , "" , "" "-1". , , . , "" Deutsche Bank Ex-Im Bank . 1998 . "" 15 1998 . . 1 1998 . "" 49% (17%) "-1". , "" . ($9 .). "" , $19 . , ONGC ( ) "" "-1" "-3". ONGC 4 . , "-", - , , . 1998 . Exxon SODECO "" "-1" 1 1999 . - . 1998 . Exxon Neftegas Limited . 6 . . (), - 131,13 , - 2.183 - 1355 . Exxon . 1998 . $198 . 1998 . , "-1" , , "" "". . "" 15 , "", "" "". 1999 . "" , Exxon . 1999 . "" , "" "-1" 15 . 1999 . Exxon . 2005 . . Exxon 30% , "" "". . "" "-1" 1999 . 1999 . Exxon SODECO "" "-1". 1999 . "-1" 2000 . 1999 . . 1999 . 15 1999 . " , ". , "-1" , . 1999 . "" "-" "-1" ($37,5 .).

"-2" -. (13-16 ). - 150 . 500 . . 9,6 . . $10 . "-2" 1988 . McDermott (). 1991 . , McDermott, Marathon () Mitsui. 1992 . Royal Dutch/Shell Mitsubishi. 1993 . . 1994 . Sakhalin Energy . 2 (- ). 1997 . "-2" McDermott, 20%- $110 . Sakhalin Energy Investment Ltd. ( ): Marathon Sakhalin Ltd. - 37,5% Shell Sakhalin Holding - 25% Mitsui Sakhalin Development - 25% Dimond Gas ( Mitsubishi) - 12,5% 1997 . "" . , "" "-2" . "-" , , "-2" 20% . 1998 . Sakhalin Energy "- " , 1998 . - $12,8 . 1998 . Sakhalin Energy 20% . , , -, Sakhalin Energy "" , -, Sakhalin Energy , "" "" $500 ., 20%- "-2". 1998 . Sakhalin Energy . 1999 . "" "-2". "" 18,5 - . . "" "", () "" . - $1 . - "". "" "" - 10 . . "-2" 1998 . ( - ). "" 5 . (6 ), . "-2" - 680 , 2000 . 8 , 2000 - 17 . - 2001 . , "-2". Sakhalin Energy, , , , Sakhalin Energy 2008 . : , "-2" : , , , , . (, , Sakhalin Energy , ). 12 , 4 , , , , , ! : . "-2", , . , , , , Total. , "" "", . . , , 1990- ., . , , , , . 7-15 . -2 . , . . -2 - . - . . . : 30% , 70% . 30%, 70%. . , . -2 12 . 23 . 2008 . . . , .

"-3". ( 50 , - 150 ), - . : - 6878 . 873 . ; - 330 . ; - - 250 . - Exxon, Mobil Texaco, 1993 . 1997 . "", "- " Exxon ( - 1993 .) "-3". 1998 . "-3". 1998 . Mobil , . Mobil Texaco $30 . 1996 . "" "-" Mobil Texaco , "-3". $7 11 , 30 . 1998 . "" , 33,3% . $13 . " "-3" Exxon 1998 . , 66,7% Exxon, 33,3% "" "-". Exxon , . 1999 . "-3" . - . 6 1999 . 1999 . "", "- " " " "-3". 10% . 11. , . . 12- . . , , "-3", "-4", "-5" "-6". 1999 . - -3 , . 1999 . -3 . 14 22 . 1999 . "-3. "-4" 1998 . "", "-" ARCO "-4". , 25,5% , ARCO - 49%. , . ( "- ") . 1999 . "" ARCO . 2000 . "-4" . $2,6 ., - 6 , - 90 . . . "-5" 1998 . "- " British Petroleum "-5". BP , - "". 1998 . British Petroleum, "" "-" "-5". 51% . 1998 . British Petroleum "-5" (- ). 600 . 600 . . . - 2010, - 35,5 . , 34,2 . . . "-5". . 1999 . . , BP Amoco, , "" ( ), "-5". .





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