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1.2.3
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2015
1
LESSON 1
1. (Past, Future Indefinite), (at 5 o'clock, yesterday, tomorrow, next week, last month, next year . .),
1. Victor was free at 5 o'clock in the evening.
2. John was in America last year.
3. I was very busy yesterday.
4. She was at the lectureat 5 o'clock.
5. The child was 10 years old last week.
6. This work was interesting last year.
7. The expedition was in Africa last year.
8. The new film was long yesterday.
9. My mother was at home yesterday.
10. The workers were at the factory last week.
11. The children were at school at 2 o'clock.
12. The students were at the Institute yesterday.
13. Victor will be free tomorrow in the evening.
14. John will be in America next year.
15. I will be very busy tomorrow.
16. She will be at the lecturea a 9 o'clock.
17. The child will be 10 years old next week.
18. This work will be interesting naxt year.
19. The expedition will be in Africa in 3 month.
20. The new film will be long tomorrow.
21. My mother will be at home tomorrow.
22. The workers will be at the factory next week.
23. The children will be at school on monday.
24. The students will be at the Institute tomorrow.
2. , . , .
1. Is Gorky Street long? Yes,it is. No, it is not.
2. Was last winter cold? Yes,it was. No, it was not.
3. Are your friend's sisters beautiful? Yes, they are. No, they are not.
4. Is it hot today? Yes,it is. No, it is not.
5. Is it Sunday today? Yes,it is. No, it is not.
6. Is the clock on the wall? Yes, it is. No, it is not.
7. Are you at the lesson? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
8. Will you be at home in the evening? I shell. No, I shell not.
9. Are the trees green now? Yes, they are. No, they are not.
10. Is your house in the centre of the city? Yes, it is. No, it is not.
11. Will your mother be at home at five o'clock? Yes, she will. No, she will not.
12. Were you free yesterday? Yes, we were. No, we were not.
13. Is his answer good? Yes, it is. No, it is not.
14. Will you be in town on Sunday? Yes, we will. No, we will not.
15. Is mathematics difficult? Yes, it is. No, it is not.
16. Were your summer plans interesting? Yes, they were. No, they were not.
17. Is your Institute large? Yes, it is. No, it is not.
. : ) (Past Indefinite),
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1. They had a big house in the country.
2. My friend had many interesting books.
3. His mother had a nice garden.
4. She had a good map of London.
5. We had a good dog.
6. I had a beautiful picture.
7. These students had five examinations.
8. His parents had a comfortable flat.
9. John had good work.
10. These pupils had four lessons every day.
) (Future Indefinite).
1. They will have a big house in the country.
2. My friend will have many interesting books.
3. His mother will have a nice garden.
4. She will have a good map of London.
5. We shell have a good dog.
6. I shell have a beautiful picture.
7. These students will have five examinations.
8. His parents will have a comfortable flat.
9. John will have good work.
10. These pupils will have four lessons every day.
4. : ) (Past Indefinite)
1. There was a new film on in our club.
2. There were twelve students in the group.
3. There was a beautiful garden near the house.
4. There was a big blackboard in the classroom.
5. There was a letter for him on the table.
6. There were two lifts in the house.
7. There were 300 pages in the book.
8. There was a new stadium in the town.
9. There was a table in the middle of the room.
10. There was a big hospital in the village.
11. Were there 15 sentences in this exercise?
12. Was there much work to do at home?
13. Was there only one cigarette in the box?
14. There were no pictures in the book.
15. There was no theatre in that small town.
16. There were no maps on the walls of the classroom.
) (Future Indefinite).
1. There will be a new film on in our club.
2. There will be twelve students in the group.
3. There will be a beautiful garden near the house.
4. There will be a big blackboard in the classroom.
5. There will be a letter for him on the table.
6. There will be two lifts in the house.
7. There will be 300 pages in the book.
8. There will be a new stadium in the town.
9. There will be a table in the middle of the room.
10. There will be a big hospital in the village.
11. Will there be 15 sentences in this exercise?
12. Will there be much work to do at home?
13. Will there be only one cigarette in the box?
14. There will be are no pictures in the book.
15. There will be no theatre in that small town.
16. There will be no maps on the walls of the classroom.
5. .
1. a short life (shorter, the shortest); 2. a large garden (larger, the largest); 3. a beautiful flower (more beautiful, the most beautiful); 4. a big table- (bigger, the biggest); 5. a high building (higher, the highest); 6. a difficult exercise (more difficult, the most difficult); 7. a new dress (newer, the newest); 8. an old book (older, the oldeat); 9. late news (latter, the latest); 10. a comfortable flat (more comfortable, the most comfortable); 11. an easy question (easier, the easiest); 12. clean water (cleaner, the cleanest); 13. thin ice (thiner, the thinest); 14. a thick dictionary (thicker, the thickest); 15. a good friend (better, the best); 16. much snow (more the most); 17. bad weather (worse, the worst); 18. little time (less, the least); 19. many cars (more the most); 20. few mistakes (more the most).
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6.
1. Moscow is larger than Kiev. 2. John is shorter than William. 3. Henry is the tallest of all. 4. This summer is hoter than last summer. 5. December 22 is the shortest day of the year. 6. This is the most beautiful house in the city. 7. He is the best student in the group. 8. Which is the largest city in our country? 9. Mathematics is more difficult for him than physics. 10. The Volga is one of the longest rivers of the USSR.
8. . ( .)
1. My friend works in London. 2. This girl goes to the theatre in the evening. 3. This apple is very green. 4. My friend does not like fish. 5. His brother works much all day long. 6. He gets new book from the library every week. 7. He had breakfast at eight o'clock. 8. The postman brings letters three times a day. 9. He wants to buy some toys, because this son has a birthday tomorrow.
12. .
1. after; 11. before
2. to complete; 12. to begin
3. to leave; 13. to enter
4. to pass an examination; 14. to fail in an examination
5. to ask; 6. to answer
6. to be absent; 5. to attend
7. much, 16. little
8. tomorrow; 1. yesterday
9. here; 2. there
10. evening; 3. morning
11. first; 4. final
12. black; 10. white
13. from; 9. to
14. absent 8. present
15. ; 7. war
16. question 15. answer
16. .
a primary education;
important work;
his last wish;
not to attend school;
before and after the Revolution;
school age;
a complete course of lectures in history;
the introduction to the book;
a foreign language;
to leave the country;
either here or there; ,
an eight-hour shift;
it often takes place;
the entrance door;
the course of the ship;
usually in time;
to last longer;
higher school;
to graduate from Leningrad University;
to return the book;
in the field of physics;
during the term;
a note in the note-book;
big shops of the factory;
to equip a laboratory;
latest news;
to divide the apple;
a winter term;
the Soviet state;
his final answer;
to receive grants;
to complete the course of lectures;
primary and secondary education;
to enter the room;
to take an examination in literature;
to present a new plan;
to require much time
17. , to be, to have . .
I know that his father has many books in different foreign languages. , .
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2. Usually he is at home on Sunday. .
3. Next. year there will be new equipment in our school laboratory. .
4. Tomorrow I shall be either at the institute or at home. , .
5. Now there is a beautiful garden near the house. .
6. Ten years ago there was only a primary school in our village. 10 .
7. Now his parents have a comfortable flat. .
8. I. V. Kurchatov is a well-known physicist and statesman. .
9. There are two terms in the academic year. .
19. , .
The day yesterday was not so fine as it is today. , .
2. I do not get up so early on Sunday as on week-days. , .
3. Lesson 1 is not so difficult as lesson 3.!- , 3-.
4. She does not work at her English as much as she did last year. , .
5. Chemistry is not so interesting to him as mathematics. , .
6. as black as coal (). , .
7. as heavy as lead (). , .
8. as light as a feather (). , .
9. as wet as a fish. , .
10. The more we study, the more we know. , . The more we know, the more we forget. , . The more we forget, the less we know. , .
The less we know, the less we forget. , . The less we forget, the more we know. , . So why study? ?
11. He knows English better than you. , .
12. This book is more interesting than yours. .
13. English is easier than Russian. () , .
14. This flat is less comfortable than ours. , .
20. ) , . )
We are students. in the morning we go to the Institute. Our lectures begin at 9 o'clock. We have no lectures on Sunday. We take examinations in January and June. We do not study in summer. We come to the classroom and sit down at the tables. We take our books and notebooks out of the bags and put them on the table. Our pens are on the table too. Our bags are usually under the tables. Sometimes they are under the table on the floor. During the lesson we go to the blackboard and write sentences at it. When the lessons are over we go out of the classroom and go home. We usually come back to the Institute at 3 o'clock in the afternoon
26. .
I: +-tion, -sion, -ion ->
to include inclusion
to continue continuation
to produce production
to absorb absorbtion
to consider consideration to
determine determination
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to educate; education to
examine examination to
complete completion
to apply application
to satisfy satisfaction
to accumulate accumulation
II: + -er /or -> , ,
to generate generator
to distribute distributor
to clean cleaner
to cool cooler
to lead leader
to mix mixer
to time timer
to govern governor
to operate operator
to read reader
to write writer
to think, thinker
to listen listener
to consume consumer
27. , , , , , , .
to converse to speak to hear to pronounce
When you speak (.) the sound waves travel through the air at the rate of 1200 feet per second. , 1200 .
In a normal conversation (.) the hearer(.) really hears(.) only about 50% of the sounds produced by the speaker(.). 50% , .
That explains why foreign languages are often easier to speak(.) than to understand. , , . Recording instruments show that no two native speakers(.) of a language pronounce (.) any word or sound of that language alike (). , , ( ) .
There is always some difference between your pronunciation(.) and that of another speaker(.) and this enables ( ) us to recognize () a person by his pronunciation (.). , .
2
LESSON 2 (Two)
6. , , .
You may keep this book (therefore, as well as, as long as) you need it. , .
2. Experiment is not (beautiful, essential, different) for this work. .
3. The students were (divided, called, taught) into smaller groups. .
4. They (showed, decided, developed) to complete the experiment in time. .
5. He was taught foreign languages when he was (quite, well, always) a child. , .
6. They are quite (difficult, different, important). . She is clever and beautiful but he is not. , .
7. The new building is on the right (side, river, country) of the street. .
8. He (was given, was shown, was called) the shortest way to the river. .
9. Her family is small, it (finds, shows, consists of) two persons. , .
10. He could not (show, find out, throw) the discus at a long distance. .
11. They produced different models of cars (according to, so that, as well as) the new plan. .
12. He says that (early, even, therefore) children helped them. , .
13. I like her and do it (quite, early, only) for her. .
14. What (other, right, hard) books do you need? .
15. He will work (into, until, against) you come. , .
7. .
1. to complete; 17. to finish;
2.: to take an examination; 16. to have an examination;
3. to attend a lecture; 12. to come to the lecture;
4. important; 11. essential;
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5. to receive; 9. to get;
6. to return, 8. to come back;
7. usually; 6. always;
8. wish; 1.will;
9. to leave; 2. to go out;
10. to grow; 3. to become;
11.. to need; 4. to require;
12. each; 5. every;
13. to consist of; 7. to include;
14. way; 10. road;
15. to make; 13. to produce;
16. hard; 14. difficult;
17. to build; 15. to construct;
18. state; 18. country
9.
. 1. as long as; 6. ();
2. therefore; 3. ;
3. always; 12.;
4. but; 10. ;
5. according to; 11. ;
6. as well as; 13.
7. gain; 1. ;
8. until; 9. ;
9. here; 7. ;
10. only; 8. ;
11. against; 4. ;
12. around; 2. ;
13. or 5. ;
10. :
an essential part of his work;
a free of charge education;
to divide into parts;
to decide where to go; ,
necessary knowledge;
to produce different things;
hard day;
hard work;
hard material;
to work hard;
the best way of life;
to build a new road; .
to develop national economy; the
other side of the street;
the shortest way to the centre of the city;
to grow fruits;
other inventions; .
quite a child;
each day;
early in the morning;
always ready;
to make it possible; (-)
according to the plan;
to send for a doctor;
to show a new film;
to teach English and to be taught English;
to find an old dictionary;
to grow warm;
to use my father's library;
good behaviour;
to keep one's word;
to build a factory;
to need money;
to pay attention to your mistakes;
to try for the second time;
to include many details;
especially important;
to be provided with good material;
free time .
11. . , .
Usually the students are examined in room 41. 41.
2. At the Institute the students are taught many different subjects. .
3. The academic year is divided into two terms. .
4. The children of Sparta were given a military education. .
5. In Athens special attention was paid to reading, writing and literature. , .
6. The boy was told to be back at home at 6 o'clock. 6 .
7. This road was built last year. .
8. The electric lamp was invented by Yablochkov. .
9. The telegram will be sent tomorrow. .
10. This building will be completed very soon. .
11. A new library will be opened in our district next week. .
12. The new grammar rule will be asked at the next lesson. .
. , , :
He was listened to with great pleasure.
2. The documents were sent for a week ago. .
3. This poet is much spoken about. .
4. The child was looked for everywhere. .
5. Her children will be taken care of. .
6. You are always waited for. .
7. The picture was attentively looked at. .
8. This book is often referred to. .
9. The work of this student was paid attention to. .
10. This plan was carefully worked at. .
11. She looked after her little sister, when her mother was at work. , .
12. He looked through the morning newspapers at breakfast. .
12. , .
Who can translate this sentence? ?
2. You can go to Leningrad by train or by airplane. .
3. Could you speak English a year ago? ?
4. I hope they will be able to reach the village before it is dark. , .
5. You may go away now, I shall finish the work myself. , .
6. Every engineer must know at least one foreign language. , , .
7. Your son must stay in bed because he is still ill. , .
8. You should take a taxi if you don't want to be late for the concert. , .
9. Students are not allowed to smoke in the classrooms. .
10. He was not allowed to enter the concert hall after the third bell. .
11. As he received a bad mark, he had to go over the material again. , .
12. We were to meet at the station at six. .
13. He was to stay at the office until the report was ready. , .
14. You will have to repeat the material of the lectures before the examination. .
15. We were to send his letter of recommendation by air mail. .
16. You should try to find out all the essential facts connected with his work in the Antarctic. , .
17. The team of experts is to study the present situation in the country. .
18. Do you know the student who is to make a report at our next meeting? , ?
19. You should influence your friend. He is not studying the way he should. . , .
20. All the students of our group should be present at the meeting. .
13. can, may, must, should.
1. Nina is ill. She must stay in bed. 2. Drivers must stop when they see the red light. 3. Betty asked: an I open the window?" 4. Betty asked her father: " an I go to the concert tonight?" Her father said, "Yes, you can go." 5. Mary is free tonight. She can go to the dance. 6. Alec will have an English lesson tomorrow. He must study tonight. 7. Mark is a good student. He can speak English well. 8. There is no ink in my pen may I write with a pencil? 9. My friend gave me an interesting book to read. She said, "You may keep it for seven days." 10. You must do what the doctor says. 11. You must study much if you want to pass the examination well. 12. You must not smoke in the dining-room. 13. Little children must go to bed early. 14. If you are ill, you must consult a doctor.
14. .
In this lesson special attention is paid to the translation of passive construction. .
2. I am often helped by my younger brother. .
3. The letter will be answered at once. .
4. If I am not mistaken, this book is often referred to. , .
5. The secretary was sent for. -.
6. The students will be shown a new film on the development of automobile industry in our country. .
7. They had to wait for the rector. .
8. He had much work to do yesterday. .
9. You must not cross the street on the red light. .
10. The new words should be repeated as often as possible. .
11. I shall have to tell him everything. .
12. He is to come at 5. 5.
13. You may open the window, it is hot here. , .
14. They were to meet at the station. .
15. The experiment should be finished today. .
16. Children under 16 are not allowed to see this film. 16 .
17. Can you tell me where she lives? .
18. He could not show me the way to the nearest Metro station. .
16. there is /are .
1. There was an interesting lecture on political economy yesterday. 2. There were. many people in the park yesterday. 3. There will be a meeting at our Institute tomorrow. 4. There was an old friend of mine at the concert last night. 5. There will be much work to do tomorrow. 6. There are three types of educational institutions in the Soviet Union. 7. There were no mistakes in your last exercise. 8. There were many visitors in the museum yesterday. 9. There are 15 students in the group now. 10. There will be a new club in the village next year. 11. There is a beautiful park near my home. 12. There was no one at home when I came.
18. , .
It is better to go there by plane, it is much quicker than by train. , , .
2. The physics laboratory of this Institute has the best apparatus for the experiment. .
3. The road became worse as we went along. , .
4. The more you experiment, the better. , .
5. He begins to work much earlier than I do. , .
6. He was given the most difficult task. .
7. The last report at the conference was the most interesting. .
8. Edison could work at his experiments for days and weeks. Sometimes he slept less than five hours a day. . 5 .
9. The work has to be done in the least possible time. .
10. It is the least you could do for her. , along .
20. :
to engage
to manage
to invest
to improve
to embellish
to displace
to align
considerable
correct
successful
easy
exact
real
system
loud
to cut
condition
engagement of parts
good management
large investments
great improvement
embellishment of facts
displacement of parts
alignment of machine elements
to change considerably
to speak correctly
to pass an examination
to find easily
to know exactly
realistic approach ()
systematic work
to speak loudly
metal cutter
conditional sentence
21. , , , , , , .
to sleep ; particular ; energy
The data () show that just as too little sleep is detrimental () to human organism, too much sleep is detrimental as well, particularly if one sleeps two hours more.
, People who sleep six hours or less a day are more energetic. Those who require 9 hours are slow movers. The long sleepers are passive. Long sleepers and short sleepers spend about equal amounts of time ( ) in deep sleep, but the long sleepers dream ( ) much more.
3
3.
1. , . 
She prepares her lessons in the evening every day. .
She is preparing her lessons now. .
She prepared her lessons well yesterday. .
She was preparing her lessons when we came to see her. , .
She is tired, she will prepare her lessons tomorrow. , .
She will be preparing her lessons all the evening tomorrow. .
The work is done well every day. .
The work is being done now and soon it will be finished. .
The work was done two days ago. .
The work was being done all the day yesterday. .
The work will be done next week. .
2 Indefinite Continuous now, at five o'clock, from... to, when you came, .
1. The car (went) was going along the street at high speed. 2. We (had) were having dinner at home 3. She (prepares) is preparing her lessons in the library now. 4. They (will listen) are going to listen to the records tomorrow. 5. My father (smokes) is smoking a pipe now. 6. Tomorrow, we (shall) are going to have practical hour on mathematics 7. The student (worked) was working in the chemical laboratory the day before yesterday. 8. They (will) are going to show a very interesting football match. 9. They (read) are reading your book now.
3. .
1. Are you sitting in the laboratory? Yes, I am. Im sitting in the laboratory.
2. Are you looking at the blackboard? Yes, I am. Im looking at the blackboard.
3. Are you writing notes? No, I am not. Im not writing notes.
4. Are you thinking about your lesson? Yes, I am. Im thinking about my lesson.
5. What are you thinking about? Im thinking about my holydays.
6. What are you looking at? Im looking at my shoes.
7. Who is sitting to the right of you? Someone is sitting to the right of me.
8. Who is sitting to the left of you? Someone is sitting to the left of me.
9. What are they writing? Theyre writing letters.
10. Is your friend speaking or writing? My friend is writing.
11. Is he reading an English or a Russian book? Hes reading a Russian book.
12. What are you doing now? Im doing the exercise.
13. Are you taking your exam or having a lesson? Im having a lesson.
14. Is your friend thinking about his lesson or about going to the cinema? Hes thinking about his lesson.
15. What lesson are you having now? Im having an English lesson.
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1. 1962 . 2. ? 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. , . 10. , , . 11. , ? 12. . 13. . 14. .
