. , :
G2 = -2 ^ ■ )
χ2-. . .
.. . , ( ) , ., . . ( ) . . . , . .., .. , , .
.: . . . ., 1982; . -. ., 1982; Bishop Y.M.M. et ai. Discrete Multivariate Analysis. N.Y., 1975; Agresti A. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis. N.Y., 1966.
..
ȭ . , . , . . ... - , .. (. ). -
, . . (. ).
... . .
1. ... . , , .. . . . ; . ; - . ; - , - . . (. ).
2. ... -, , , , , , -, , . , ., , . , , .-. ( ).
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3. ... -, , , (. , ). . - -
. ( , ), ( , ).
... . . : . - ; () ; , .
.: . . . ., 1979; . -. ., 1982; , -. ., 1987; .., - . . : . ., 1998; - .. . . . ., 1999; .., . , .. . . ., 2000; B.C., .. . . SPSS. , 2001; .., . . . ., 2003; - . . . SPSS. Μ., 2006.
.
- . , (. ). . : , . ; , , . . .. .: (, ) , () , , . .. * -
. , . . . -. , (. ), - , .
, . . , ., , . - (, ) - (, ). . . :
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. . . , , . . . , -
, - (), () . . Xj Χι , - , .. Χγ. .., : Χι = bi\X\.
, - . Aj, \ Χι, : Aj = \ + .. U : \ = Ui, ? =
->\\ + Ui, , = 631ΑΊ + byiXi + Uy, Χα
baXi + binXi + 433 + . b,s, . , - . . . $ . .., # ;, - j , (. ). , , j . j ;) j i .
, Χι Xt, 1->4; [4. , . Xj AJ-, - -
:
9 ~ "f + 2^ "lkrjki I
, / . , () . . ., \ , Χι : 1-^2^4, 1-3- 1-2->3->4, Ραί , - .
. bij = Pij , . .
.. , , , . .. . , . .
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. , . . . - , ,
, . - X. , X, , . , . , . . .. . .. . , . . . . , . . . . , - - . .
. .. - - - , . , , (, , , -).
.: . . . ., 1975; -: . Μ., 1977; . -. , 1977; --. . -. ., 1981; .., .. . . ,, 1982; Mosbaek £., Wold Η. Interdependent Systems: Strukture and Estimation. L., 1969; Goldberger A.S. On Boudon's Method of Linear Cauzal Analysis // American Sociology. Rewiew. 1970. V. 35. No. I; Hauser R.M., Goiderger A.S. The Treatment of an Observebles in Path Analysis // Sociological Methodology. 1971; Goodman L.A. The Analysis of Maltidimentional Contingency Tables when Some Variables are Posterior to Others: A Modified Path Analysis Approach // Biometrica. 1973. V.60.
.. , ..
- . - () Υ (, ) X], 2,..., . . .
, \, ,...,
.
Χλ =\, 2 = ,...,
= .
Υ(χ\, 2,..., ) E(Y/(X] = xj,
Χι = 2,..., = )), Υ(Χ],
2,..., )
\, ,..., ,
\, ,
..., , .
ΛΊ, .......
\, ........ .
X] - xj, = ,, ~ Τ . . ., ΑΊ, ,..., , \, ,..., ( ).
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= + biXi + + - + ( ), . , ( , , ): w
( -) => min (Ν ),
, -. , = Υ(χ\, , --, ).