6.2. қң қ: ң ң ә қ-қ қ.
6.3. қ :
- қ ң ғ қ () ң ө қ
ү;
- ң қ ү;
- ң қ қ ү;
- қ ң қ қ ү;
- ң қ қ ү;
- ң қ ү;
- ң ө қ ү;
- ң қ қ ү;
- қ ң -, ә
ң қ-қ ң ң қ ү.
6.4. қң ұқ:
*6.4.1. . , , ң ң ғ ө.
Carcinogenesis. Carcinogens: classification and their role in the occurrence of malignant transformation of cells.
. , , .
6.4.2. ә ү, ң ң ғ ө.
6.4.3. , ң қ қғ .
6.4.4. , ң ң ғ ө.
6.4.5. Қ , , қ.
6.4.6. ң ғ ң.
* ғ ә ү
6.5. қ ә: ң қң ә, қ ә ; ү ққ, қ, ү ә ү ұқ, , ү ө; қ ұ; ғ ө ә ү, ғ ғ ұ; қ ө.
6.6. Ә:
:
6.6.1. . . .. .: , 2006. . 557-568.
6.6.2. .., .. ( ). :
, 2009. . 201-216.
6.6.3. .., .. . ., 2003, . 501-520.
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6.6.4. Ққ .Ө., Ә .. қ ә . ., 2006, . 91-97.
Қ:
6.6.5. : . / ., , -, . : . . . . ; . . . .- .: -, 2010.
6.6.6. Ққ .Ө., ұ Ұ.Ә. қ қ ң
- ққ ө : , 2012. 112 .
6.6.7. : /... .. .-.: -, 2012. 348-370.
қ
6.7.1. () құ ғ:
6.7.1.1. қң ұқ ұ.
6.7.1.2. қ 10 ұқ 3 ұқ.
*6.7.1.3. қ ә ғ ә
6.7.2. ә ғ құ ғ:
6.7.2.1. Қ ң қ .
6.7.2.2. ң ң ә ү.
6.7.2.3. ң ң ң үң.
6.7.2.4. ң: ә ң
| ң / қң ғ қ | / қ | |
| myc | ||
| cyclinsD, E | ||
| pl5 | ||
| pl6 | ||
| pRB | ||
| p53 | ||
| Bcl-2 | ||
| APC | ||
| BRCA1, BRCA2 | ||
| ң | ||
| ATM |
6.7.3. қ ұқ:
6.7.3.1. қ ң () ң ғ ?
6.7.3.2. ң ғ ң қ?
6.7.3.3. ң ?
6.7.3.4. Қ ң ?
6.7.3.5. Қ ә қ қ?
6.7.3.6. ң қғқ ?
Ү ү ө:
| Ққ | ғ | |
| ғң қ ң ө ү ү | , | Carcinogenesis complex, multistep process of development of malignant tumors |
| -ғ қ ә қ ң ә , | -, . | Carcinogenic factor a factor which causes or increases frequency of appearance of benign or malignant tumours in humans. |
| Қ ң қ ө, ө ә ғ | , , | Malignant tumors tumors characterized by unlimited division of cells, invasive growth and monoclonality |
| ң ө, ө ә ң ө ә , ң қ ң ә | , , , | Proto-oncogenes specific group of genes, regulating cell division and growth, mutations of which result in development of malignant tumor |
| ң ө ә ү ғ ә | - | Suppressor-genes group of genes suppressing action of oncogenes and preventing process of oncogenesis |
| қ -ұғ ғ ғң , ғ . | - , - . | Viral oncogenes modified genes of superior organisms introduced there by viral genome. |
| қ ң ұқ ө | - | Mutation persistent changes in genetic material. |
| өң ң ң, ө ә ғ () қ ғ ң қ құ | (), , () | Translocation a type of chromosomal aberration when a gene or a fragment of chromosome is transferred to a new location on the same or different chromosome. |
| -ң өң ө, ң ғ .Ү ң ә ғ | - () , . . | Amplification increasing number (copies) of proto-oncogenes which have moderate activity. As a result overall activity can lead to malignant transformation of a cell. |
| қ Қ ң ң ұ, қ ә қ | , , | Telomerase specific enzyme that extends daughter chains of linear DNA molecules, active in malignant tumour cells and some other cells. |
| ғ-қ қ ө . ғ, қ ңғ . | - , .. , , . | Monoclonality malignant tumour develops from a single genetically transformed cell, a generation of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell. |
| ө-ұ ұ қ ң . | - - . | Invasive growth active penetration of tumour cells through tissue barriers. |
| ғ- ң ғғ ғ ө | - , . | Autonomy independent of an organism growth of a tumour. |
| ҳ -қ , ң ғғ ө- . ө ө. ғ ө , ғ - . | - , - . , , . , - | Immortality normal cells are mortal, their life cycle includes programmed cell death apoptosis. In a culture they die after several cell division cycles. Tumour cells do not stop dividing, i.e. they are immortal. |
| -ғқ ғ қ ұғ ң ә қң ү. | - () . | Metastasis tumour implants that have lost anatomical connection with primary tumour location. |
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Құ: қ. ..
18 - ә қ
