. TCP/IP, , Internet.
, TCP/IP IP-.
IP- (a- , Internet Protocol Address) () , .
IP- 32- ( IPv4) 128- ( IPv6) . IP- (IPv4) ( 0 255), , , 192.168.0.1. ( 128.10.2.30 , 10000000 00001010 00000010 00011110 ).
IP- , IP . IP- (), ( ; DHCP) .
IP- : . (192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12 10.0.0.0/8).
, Internet (Internet Network Information Center, InterNIC), Internet. Internet InterNIC, .
, IP-.
IP-: ,
: , ( ). , ( ) IP- , , , , . , , , . , - , (. . 8).
, , . , , 254 , , , 65534 . - . , .
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, , (Classless Inter-Domain Routing, CIDR ( ). , CIDR , . CIDR (, ), IP . , , , , 14 , , 18 ( , ) .
, CIDR , . , CIDR-, , , , . . 15/8 , 00001111. 128.32.0.0 128.32/16. 192.168.0.128/25 128 IP-, 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.255.
IP-. , 192.168.128.1/24 255.255.255.0.
ip- :
NET = IP & MASK,
HOST = IP & (~MASK), 32- , & , ~ .
ip-. :
127.0.0.0/8
, , . , 192.168.192.255/24
.