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marketing-mix 5л; 7л , 4л, 4ѻ.
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4ѻ: 4л:
Customer value needs and wants , ;
Cost () ;
Convenience () ;
Communication .
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, , : , , ? : , ( , ). , : , , , , , , ( ) .
(. product) :
, , . , . , . : , Olivetti, .
, . , . : 90 Pierre Cardin .
. , , . : .
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, . (, , . .), , , . : .
. , , . , . : Scarlett , 30- .
, . , . : Samsung LG Sony .
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12. ( ) | |
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: . : . .: , 2003. . 47.
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Customer value, needs and wants (, ) | ( ). , . |
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Convenience ( ) | . , (, , , ), , . Convenience Value (), . |
Communication () | . , , , , -. , : , PR, , . |
7л: , 4л, :
People , , ( );
Process ;
Physical evidence .
marketing-mix 5л:
Product, ( ) ( ), (), , , , ..;
Price, ( ) : , , ;
Place, , ( ) , ();
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Promotion, ( ) , (, ..);
People, , ( ) ( , , ); ( , ); . 4л.
Product () | ( ), . ( , ). , , , , . . . , . , , . |
Price () | . . , . -, . -, ( , ; ; -; .) |
Place () | , . 5л . |
Promotion () | , , ( ), . . : , (PR), , , , . , , , . , (, ), , , .. |
People () | ( ) : 90- . . . , ( , ), : , , , . . () , . , . b2b . |
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E (Departure):
EXW. Ex Works ( ): . .
F (Main Carriage Unpaid):
FCA. Free Carrier ( ): .
FAS. Free Alongside Ship ( ): .
FOB. Free On Board ( ): .
C (Main Carriage Paid):
CFR. Cost and Freight ( ): ( ).
CIF. Cost, Insurance and Freight ( ): ( ).
CPT. Carriage Paid To ( ):
CIP. Carriage and Insurance Paid to ( ):
D (Arrival):
DAF. Delivered At Frontier ( )
DES. Delivered Ex Ship ( )
DEQ. Delivered Ex Quay ( )
DDU. Delivered Duty Unpaid ( ) ,
DDP. Delivered Duty Paid ( ) ,
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