, ,
.
1.
)
| 
| 
| 
|
| - | - | - |
)
| 
| 
| 
|
| - | - | - |
2. .
)
)
| 
|
1. (. , );
2. .
CuCl
C6H5NH2 + O=N-OH + HHal 
C6H5N2Hal C6H5Hal + N2
-2H2O
( . ).
3. .
)
| + | 
| ZnCl2
+ HCl
-H2O
| 
|
)
C6H5CH2OH + HCl C6H5CH2Cl
-H2O
, . 1. Hal .
, , .
) 1 ( ) . , 300-3500, .
| 300-3500C
P, Cu
+ NaOH NaCl +
| 
|
- 
- - . -Cl, , .
, - - Hal , .. + 
, .
Hal SN2 .
|
+ NaOH
-NaCl
-H2O
| 
|
 HOH
|  
| 
|
| - | -, 50% | ||||
| 
| ||||
| - |
) ( 
- ), , , ( ).
|
|
|
, SN1, ,
|
Cl- +
| 
|
HOH
| 
| +H+ |
r=k[A]
, .
: .
