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11) , 12) , 13) ( )

. -

14) ( ), 15) - ( - , ), 16) ( ), 17) ( - ; ), 18) , 19) , 20) ( -), 21) -, ), 22) , 23) , 24) ( ), 25) ( ), 26) -- ( , ), 27) , ( )

II.

29) ( ), 30) , 31) ( ), 32) -, 33) - ( )

III.

34) , 35) , 36) , 37) .

 

[630] 1596 . , - , . .

 

[631] .

 

[632] ( ) . , , .

 

[633]- 1864 ., , .

 

[135]

Trotsky L. The History of the Russian Revolution. London, Gollencz, 1965. p. 24.

 

[634] II 1581 . . 1640 . .

 

[635] 1850-1854 . ( 1868 .) . ( ) . . . , . ( , , ) - , , ( , ) .

 

[636] , . 15 ( ) 1854 . 1868 . 118 1840 . ( : , ) 1958 .

 

[637] , , , , 30 43 . 4 5 . . ( ) 500 . , . 1531 . , 130 57 ( ) , , . , , 6-8 ., , .

 

[638] (. 336-264 ..) () . . III ., 1- . II . .. , , . (), , XII . .., .

 

[136]

Albright W.F. From Stone Age to Christianity. Baltimore. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1957, pp. 337-338.

 

[137]

air L. Primitive Government. Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1962.pp.254-255.

 

[138]

Ibid.p.255.

 

[139]

.: Maquet J. Power and Society in Africa. London. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1971, pp. 122-123.

 

[140]

Deutscher I. Russia. China and the West. Oxford University Press. 1970. pp. 333-334.

 

[639] ( . . ) . XX . , . porte .

 

[640] 1889 . : 1908 ., , , .

 

[141]

Bowring J. Report on Egypt and India dated 27 March 1839 and addressed to the Right Hon. Lord Viscount Palmerston. London. Clowes and Clowes. 1849, p. 49.

 

[142]

.: Vatikiotis P. J. The Modern History of Egypt. London. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1969. pp. 49-125.

 

[143]

Mason E.S. The Planning of Development.-Scientific American. September 1963. p. 235.

 

[144]

Brown M. B. After Imperialism. London. Heinemann. 1963. p. 407.

 

[641] , , -, , , , , . . XV .; : , .

 

[145]

.: Cohn N. The Pursuit of the Millenium. London, Temple Smith, 1970, p. 80.

 

[642] , , ( II ). , 70 70 , . : . 250 . .., 114 . .. , .

 

[643] . III . .. - I , , . , . .

 

[644] 726 ( 741 ) . III , , . , . . VI (866-912, . 886). . VII (905 959, . 913) , . , , , , , .

 

[645] , , .

 

[646] , . , ( ), , , . II . .. . 622 ., . .

 

[647] 316 . .

 

[648] , , , , .

 

[649] : . () , VII . . . , . - , , , . .

 

[650] 841-846 . , .

 

[651] 53 : , .

 

[658]

2- . VII . . (673-735), , () , . , .

 

[652] . . , . , . (. 735-804): . , .

 

[653] . XVI XVII . ; , , , . (1530-1596), (1596-1650), (1657-1757), (1561-1626) (1666-1727).

 

[654] , . .

 

[655] , , ( ; , ; ), , . -. . . (IX ., ), (XIXII .) .

 

[656] 790-794 . . . , , . , (795) (824 825) , , .

 

[657] 1945 . , , , , ; , , - .

 

[658] ( . t w t h r ), .

 

[659] . . , , , , , , , , - .

 

[660] . . 1911-1912 ., ; , (1862-1933), , , .

 

[661] , , . XIII .; . , , , , , , , .

 

[662] . (1580-1656) .

 

[663] .

 

[664] XIX . , . . . , , . - .

 

[665] , , ; . . 3000 . .. ( ?) , . (. . , 1395-1455) (. 1420-1492) c , , , .

 

[666] . - , .

 

[667] nanny . . (. , ) .

 

[668] , , . ; XIX . , (, ) .

 





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