( . translatio ) - () (, ), .
.
.
1. (AUG), () .
.
2. - ( ).
3. , , .
4. , .
5. --.
6. -, (2).
7. - ( UAG).
.
- (8) (9) .
. . , 2 : . () , , , . , , .[1]
, (). , , (), , , , . - --, -. , , --, (, GGU , CCA, ).
, , , , .
.
.
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(-) .
, ( , ), . , , . AUG- .
AUG-, . . -. ( ). 5'- 5'-. , AUG , AUG-.
(. initiation factors, IF; eIF, . eukaryotes).
- : AUG , .
.
(30S) . : , (1), IF2 (2), 30S , (3). (50S) (4), 30S , IF2 (5), (6). . 5' 3' . RBS , SD , AUG
(30S) , , IF1, IF3, , , IF2. :
IF3, 30S-, (50S) , . , IF2.
IF2 , .
IF1 , -, ( ) IF2 IF3.
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30S , (. RBS, ribosome-binding site). , -, AUG, , -, 16S . , AUG , . , 30S- - IF2, . 50S-, . .
AUG: - () - ( ).
(, ) 5'- , , AUG. 5'- , 7-, 5'- .
, IRES- , , IRES (. Internal Ribosomal Entry Site, ) , , AUG. IRES- , .[2]
, ()- (, ) . e IF3 eIF4F, 5'- , .. - " ". , . [3]
, , 3' 5' . .. , - - .
-
, , , 5'-[m7G(5')ppp(5')N] 3' ()-, , , 13 (eIF), 31 . , , - . :
1. ;
2. - (Met-tRNAiMet);
3. 5'-, (), ;
4. -;
5. -
, eIF, . eIF .[4][5][ 2][6] eIF3, , 13 ( 800 ) , 11 Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [7][8] eIF3 40S (40S) j-, , , (scaffolding) b- 40S 60S (60S).[9][10] eIF3 eIF1 eIF2/GTP/Met-tRNAiMet.[11] eIF1 40S eIF3[12][13], eIF1 eIF1 ( IF1)[14]. , eIF1, , , , .
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