7.1.
, , . :
1. , .. : α1-, α1-, α2-; d1-, d1-, d2-; β1, β2, β3.
2. 2030 .
3. 1 2 1:1000.
4. , , , D.
7.2.
. , . . , .
. () .
7.3.
1. , , , , .
2. 4, 4 (1 .).
7.4.
-
7.5.
: 1 (1, 1) 2 (2, 2), (, ) (, ), α1-2 (. 13) (. 7.1). :
7.5.1.
( ), β1, β2, β3 d1-, d1-, d2- (. 7.1).
. β1, β2, β3 :
β1 = α1- - α1-2, (7.1)
|
|
|
β2 = α1- - α1-2, (7.2)
β3 = α2-1 - α2-. (7.3)
7.1
(7.1), (7.2) (7.3) 1-2 - α1-2.
α1-, α1-, α2-, . 7.1.
7.1
| \ | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
| n m | ||||
| Ym | YA | YB | YB | |
| Yn | Y1 | Y1 | Y2 | |
| ∆Y = Ym - Yn | ||||
| Xm | XA | XB | XB | |
| Xn | X1 | X1 | X2 | |
| ∆X = Xm - Xn |
7.1
| tg r = ∆Y / ∆X | ||||
| r | ||||
| α | ||||
| sin r | ||||
| cos r | ||||
| d(n-m)1 = ∆Y/sin r | ||||
| d(n-m)2 = ∆X/cos r | ||||
| d(n-m)cp = (d(n-m)1 + d(n-m)2) / 2 |
: , r, ∆Y ∆X ( 3 6) , ( 7.2).
7.2
| ∆X | ∆Y | ||||
| I | 00 900 | α = r | + | + | |
| II | 900 1800 | α = 1800 r | + | ||
| III | 1800 2700 | α = 1800 + r | |||
| IV | 2700 3600 | α = 3600 r | + |
, 3600. , , 3600, 3600, 3600.
α1-, α1-, α2-, β1, β2, β3 (7.1 7.3).
, .
7.5.2.
, ( ) (, .) .
. 7.1 .
, - A,B,C,D , D .
. 4 , , αi, di βi, .
|
|
|
7.5.3.
4 1: 1000.
. . 0,2 . , . , 100 .
1 2, 1, 1 2, 2. α1-2. : 1, ( ), 2. , , , β1. ( ) 1-. d1- 1 .
β1 d1- . , ϻ ˻ , .
. , , β3 2, .
D , 900. D.
, 2700 .
, :
(AC) = ()2 + ()2. (7.4)
1/5000, . .
(() ())/() £ 1/5000. (7.5)
1:1000 , , , D . (. 7.2).
7.6.
, , 4, , 1:1000 4 . 4.
7.2 1:1000
7.7.
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
1.
1. . . / . . , . . , . . , . . ; . . . . .: . ., 2000. 464 .
2. . . : / . . . .: . ., 2002. 463 .
3. . ., . . . . /.: , 2002. 416 .
2.
1. / . . . . .: , 1989. 432.
2. / . . . . .: , 1987. 336 .
3. . ., . . . .: ; , 1999. 300 .
4. . . - . , 1987. 72 .
|
|
|
5. . . - - : , 1998. 47 .
1
1
( 6 )
1
| ( ) d, | ||
| β ′ ′′ | ||
| I | 163 21 30 | |
| 126,30 | ||
| II | 75 39 30 | |
| 142,70 | ||
| III | 124 16 00 | |
| 125,78 | ||
| IV | 91 21 30 | |
| 166,02 | ||
| V | 85 23 30 | |
| 91,38 |
III
IV
12416′00′′
9121′30′′
II
8523′30′′
I
16321′30′′
V
1
1
II - III ( 6 )
2
| III | IV | 0 00 79 05 92 57 116 43 126 05 140 25 | 45.2 78.8 51.4 41.3 53.0 | . . |
1
1
( 6 )
3
III - IV
1
1
( 6 )
4
IV V V - I
1
1
( 6 )
5
  |
I
(9)
19 18 10
24 11
20 17
23 16 8 3
21 13
7 4
III
13 II
.
1
1
( 6 )
6
| - | D/, | υ, | |||
| ′ | ′ | ||||
| II i = 1,39 III i = 1,43 | III III IV IV | 107,0 76,0 50,5 22,9 26,0 60,4 54,4 67,0 88,5 106,5 107,5 83,0 61,5 56,2 28,4 34,5 59,3 85,0 70,5 44,1 20,4 10,0 35,3 65,0 | 000′ 7312′ 7427′ 6815′ 3630′ 33932′ 34230′ 1415′ 4356′ 5721′ 6223′ 002′ 000′ 7204′ 8200′ 10535′ 14045′ 14229′ 9236′ 6501′ 5928′ 4233′ 3527′ 4355′ 17900′ 35132′ 120 39׳ 001′ | 135′ -133′ 213′ 238′ 309′ 142′ -115′ -111′ 046′ 200′ 218′ 216′ 209′ - 208′ 227′ 212′ 120′ -010′ -038′ 140′ 223′ 234′ 245′ 247′ 239′ -231′ 209′ 240′ | 1,39 1,43 |
1
2
( 5 )
|
|
|
1
| β | ( ) d, | |
| ′ ′′ | ||
| I | 65 23 00 | |
| 102,70 | ||
| II | 156 18 00 | |
| 83,88 | ||
| III | 118 02 30 | |
| 131,14 | ||
| IV | 80 20 30 | |
| 119,71 | ||
| V | 119 54 30 | |
| 168,82 |
II
83.88
102.70 III
15618′00′′
I
11802′30′′
131.14
168.82
8020′30′′
11954′30′′ IV
119.71
V
1
2
( 5 )
2
I II, I V
| . | () | |||
| I | II | 0 00 64 35 24 30 | . . . . | |
| V | I | 0 00 9 27 26 00 | . . . |
1
2
( 5 )
3
II III III - IV
1
2
( 5 )
4
1
2
( 5 )
5
| D/, | υ, | ||||
| ′ | ′ | ||||
| III i = 1,50 V i = 1,47 | IV IV B I I | 14,4 46,5 74,0 87,5 69,4 37,0 77,3 71,9 73,8 40,5 14,0 23,8 57,7 84,2 74,5 48,7 31,0 60,5 90,7 123,0 126,5 98,4 59,0 26,0 | 000′ 14410′ 10815′ 12100′ 10150′ 8537′ 5235′ 5420′ 2710′ 35715′ 35830′ 33043′ 001′ 000′ 2323′ 1041′ 211′ 2810′ 5500′ 10715′ 9130′ 10705′ 11000′ 12253′ 12532′ 12730′ 14727′ 000′ | 315′ -315′ 130′ 014′ -025′ -020′ 040′ 250′ 217′ 053′ -036′ -044′ -234′ 247′ - 246′ 134′ -118′ -145′ -134′ 030′ -158′ -138′ -215′ -221′ -229′ -215′ -148′ -130′ | 1,50 |
1
3
( 5 )
1
| ( ) d, | ||
| β ′ ′′ | ||
| I | 129 21 00 | |
| 139,80 | ||
| II | 90 47 30 | |
| 97,75 | ||
| III | 115 21 00 | |
| 138,90 | ||
| IV | 103 24 30 | |
| 115,55 | ||
| V | 101 07 30 | |
| I | 90,09 |
II
 |
139,80
I
9047′30′′
97,75
12921′00′′
90,09
11521′00′′ III
V 10107′30′′
115,55 10324′30′′ 138,90
IV
1
3
( 5 )
2
III IV
| III IV | IV V | 0 00 313 05 313 05 318 10 9 02 46 41 72 45 0 00 176 30 | 67,5 56,3 58,1 58,7 79,6 108,4 68,0 | . . . . . . . . . . ., . |
1
3
( 5 )
3
I II IV V
|
|
|
1
3
( 5 )
4
1
3
( 5 )
5
| D/, | , υ, | ||||
| ′ | ′ | ||||
| II i = 1,45 V i = 1,50 | III III B I I | 29,6 56,0 32,8 84,0 72,4 59,0 40,3 84,0 95,0 105,5 116,8 103,1 72,0 79,0 106,4 94,0 63,2 31,0 48,0 80,2 22,0 56,7 91,0 | 000′ 33610′ 1240′ 3535′ 2830′ 4610′ 6800′ 9940′ 9520′ 7215′ 5633′ 3745′ 000′ 000′ 435′ 2650′ 5347′ 7220′ 8810′ 8015′ 5400′ 35350′ 35350′ 11720′ 11153′ 10900′ 001′ | 144′ -144′ 311′ 354′ 352′ 303′ 237′ 206′ -014′ -003′ 125′ 157′ 233′ 247′ - 246′ -226′ -118′ -004′ 052′ 126′ 126′ 010′ -229′ -241′ 150′ 234′ 207′ | 1,45 1,50 |
2
5 Θ = 6528′
R = 100
= 64,28
= 114,26
= 14,30
4 = 18,88
Θ
+70,50
3
+70,0
+20,0
2
+68,0
100
1
73,0
+40,0
0
3
| - - | , | , | - , | , | |||||
| , | , | -, | , h1, h2 | , h | -, h | ||||
| R1 0 | 1335- 6019- | 0706- 5392- | +0629- h1 +0627- h2 | +1 +0628 | +0629 | 149,971=R1 150,600 | |||
| 0 +40 1 | 1275 5962 | 1119 5806 | +0156 +0156 | +1 +0156 | +0157 | 151,875 | 150,600 149,000 150,757 | ||
| 1 +68 2 | 0845 5532 | 2177 6860 | -1332 - 1328 | +2 +1330 | -1328 | 151,602 | 150,757 149,567 149,429 | ||
| 2 +20 +70 3 | 0320 5006 | 1876 6560 | -1556 -1554 | +2 -1555 | -1553 | 149,749 | 149,429 148,976 146,904 147,876 | ||
| 3 4 | 1661 6344 | 0827 5514 | +0834 +0830 | +2 +0832 | - +0834 | 147,876 148,710 | |||
| 4 5 | 1935 6623 | 0375 5061 | +1560 +1562 | +2 +1561 | - +1563 | 148,710 150,273 | |||
| 5 R2 | 2484 7169 | 1768 6449 | +0716 +0720 | +2 +0718 | - +0720 | 150,273 150,993=R2 |
∑=52510; ∑ = 50490; ∑(h1+h2)=+2020; ∑h=+1010; ∑h +1022.
: ∑ - ∑ = ∑ (h1+h2); ½ (∑ - ∑ ) = ∑h; 52510 50490 = +2020; 2020: 2 = + 1010
∑h = R2 R1 = 150,993 149,971 = +1,022
fh = ∑h - ∑h = +1010 1022 = - 12 ; f = 10 ∙ 
= 10 ∙ 
= 26,4
5
1
| - - | , | , | , | , | |||||
| , | -, . | -, | , h1, h2 | , h | -,h | ||||
| R1 0 | 0985 5772 | 1114 5899 | |||||||
| 0 1 | 2446 7229 | 1460 6245 | |||||||
| 1 +72 2 | 1973 6761 | 1530 6316 | |||||||
| 2 +38 3 | 2785 7573 | 1304 6088 | |||||||
| 3 +70 4 | 1347 6133 | 2257 7041 | |||||||
| 4 +45 5 | 2332 7116 | 1316 6098 | |||||||
| 5 R2 | 1946 6733 | 2430 7215 |
5
2
| - - | , | , | - , | , | |||||
| , | --, | -, | , h1, h2 | , h | , h | ||||
| R1 0 | 2734 7519 | 0692 5475 | |||||||
| 0 +45 1 | 0853 5634 | 2283 7068 | |||||||
| 1 +30 2 | 1684 6466 | 1958 6740 | |||||||
| 2 +35 +60 3 | 1945 6729 | 0932 1058 | 1617 6400 | ||||||
| 3 +27 +82 4 | 2558 7341 | 2287 1514 | 0731 5516 | ||||||
| 4 5 | 0981 5765 | 2049 6831 | |||||||
| 5 R2 | 2262 7048 | 1345 6129 |
5
3
| - - | , | , | - , | , | |||||
| , | --, . | -, | , h1, h2 | , h | , h | ||||
| R1 0 | 0260 5041 | 0889 5672 | |||||||
| 0 1 | 1402 6184 | 0832 5612 | |||||||
| 1 2 | 1279 6059 | 0838 5620 | |||||||
| 2 +52 +74 3 | 2060 6842 | 1631 2475 | 1506 6290 | ||||||
| 3 +82 4 | 2801 7585 | 0677 5459 | |||||||
| 4 +20 5 | 1712 6494 | 1102 5884 | |||||||
| 5 R2 | 1305 6091 | 0954 5740 |
6
7
| - | - | , | , | , | , | ||||
| , | -, | , | , h1, h2 | , h | , h | ||||
| R2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | 1515 6200 4685 | 2212 1897 1765 1930 2277 2213 2102 1779 1294 1827 1756 | 1689 6376 4687 | -0174 -0176 | +2 -0175 | -0173 | 114,471 | 112,956 112,259 112,574 112,706 112,541 112,394 112,258 112,369 112,692 113,177 112,644 112,715 112,783 | |
| 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 | 0447 5129 4682 | 0891 1154 1288 1747 1323 0921 0764 1195 1442 1956 2373 2715 | 1983 6669 4686 | -1536 -1540 | +2 -1538 | -1536 | 113,230 | 112,783 112,339 112,076 111,942 111,483 111,907 112,309 112,466 112,035 111,788 111,274 110,857 110,515 111,247 | |
| R2 | 2411 7097 4686 | 0705 5389 4684 | 1706 1708 | +2 1707 | 111,247 112,956 |
22799 22811 12 6
fh = ∑h; ∑h = 0.
fh = -6 ; fh = 10 
= 17 .
8
1:500
0,25
9
112,26 112,57 112,71 112,54 112,39
| 2,26 112,64 | 2,57 113,18 | 2,71 112,69 | 2,54 2,39 112,37 112,26 |
| 2,64 112,72 | 3,18 112,78 | 2,69 112,34 | 2,37 2,26 112,08 111,94 |
| 2,72 112,47 | 2,78 112,31 | 2,34 111,91 | 2,08 1,94 111,42 111,25 |
| 2,47 112,04 | 2,31 111,79 | 1,91 111,27 | 1,42 1,25 110,86 110,52 |
2,04 1,79 1,27 0,86 0,52
= 110,00 + + 
+ 
10
= 112,22
1:500
11
| + | ||||||
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | 400 400 400 400 170 388 400 400 400 280 40 | 0,44 0,57 0,36 0,17 0,05 0,15 0,53 0,61 0,25 0,15 0,03 0,02 0,08 | 0,08 0,01 0,10 0,27 0,51 1,19 0,84 0,34 0,15 | 8,5 58,2 1,2 0,2 5,8 | 18,4 0,1 97,2 34,2 |
: 1287,9 1309,9
∙ 100% = 
= 0,85% 
3%
12
1
| - - | - - | , | , | - , | , | |||||
| , | --, . | -, | , h1, h2 | , h | , h | |||||
| R2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | 2687 7472 | 2131 1702 1400 1275 1367 1271 0827 0885 1405 1891 1652 1026 | 0421 5208 | |||||||
| 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 | 0745 5529 | 1264 1795 1547 1117 1285 1838 2044 1615 1581 1956 2462 | 2043 6829 | |||||||
| R2 | 1036 5820 | 2005 6789 | ||||||||
12
2
| - - | - - | , | , | - , | , , | ||||
| , | --, . | -, | , h1, h2 | ,. h | , h | ||||
| R2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | 0718 5502 | 0985 1533 1911 2117 2322 2548 2321 2083 1796 1264 | 1424 6208 | ||||||
| 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 | 1129 5912 | 1563 1989 2254 2403 2267 2190 1724 1291 1722 1954 2330 2307 1972 | 2809 7596 | ||||||
| R2 | 2817 7601 | 0424 5206 |
12
3
| - | - - | , | , | - , | , , | ||||
| , | , . | - | , h1, h2 | , h | , h | ||||
| R2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | 0403 5088 | 1541 1665 1511 1556 1448 1802 1976 2122 2248 2197 2783 | 2741 7424 | ||||||
| 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | 2094 6778 | 2032 1784 1410 1805 2183 2542 2658 2939 2443 2114 1719 1390 | 1398 6082 | ||||||
| R2 | 2318 7004 | 0673 5361 |
13
| 1, | 2, | , | , | α1-2 | |||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| 150,0 150,0 150,0 150,0 150,0 | -70,0 -70,0 -70,0 -70,0 -70,0 | 180,0 180,0 180,0 180,0 180,0 | 50,0 50,0 50,0 50,0 50,0 | 120,0 140,0 110,0 80,0 50,0 | -40,0 -10,0 10,0 -20,0 -50,0 | 120,0 140,0 110,0 80,0 50,0 | -10,0 20,0 40,0 10,0 -20,0 | 75057/48// 75057/48// 75057/48// 75057/48// 75057/48// | |
| 80,0 80,0 80,0 80,0 80,0 | 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 | 150,0 150,0 150,0 150,0 150,0 | 120,0 120,0 120,0 120,0 120,0 | 80,0 90,0 60,0 80,0 90,0 | 110,0 130,0 120,0 120,0 140,0 | 110,0 120,0 90,0 80,0 90,0 | 110,0 130,0 120,0 150,0 170,0 | 40036/06// 40036/06// 40036/06// 40036/06// 40036/06// | |
| 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 | 180,0 180,0 180,0 180,0 180,0 | 160,0 160,0 160,0 160,0 160,0 | 210,0 210,0 210,0 210,0 210,0 | 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 110,0 | 210,0 220,0 230,0 240,0 250,0 | 100,0 110,0 120,0 130,0 140,0 | 210,0 220,0 230,0 240,0 250,0 | 16042/00// 16042/00// 16042/00// 16042/00// 16042/00// | |
| -40,0 -40,0 -40,0 -40,0 -40,0 | -40,0 -40,0 -40,0 -40,0 -40,0 | 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 | 70,0 70,0 70,0 70,0 70,0 | -70,0 -90,0 -50,0 -60,0 -40,0 | 30,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 50,0 | -70,0 -90,0 -20,0 -30,0 -10,0 | 60,0 90,0 70,0 80,0 50,0 | 47043/36// 47043/36// 47043/36// 47043/36// 47043/36// | |
| -30,0 -30,0 -30,0 -30,0 -30,0 | 50,0 50,0 50,0 50,0 50,0 | -10,0 -10,0 -10,0 -10,0 -10,0 | 150,0 150,0 150,0 150,0 150,0 | -60,0 -60,0 -50,0 -90,0 -80,0 | 70,0 110,0 120,0 140,0 80,0 | -60,0 -60,0 -50,0 -90,0 -80,0 | 100,0 140,0 150,0 170,0 110,0 | 78041/24// 78041/24// 78041/24// 78041/24// 78041/24// | |
| -50,0 -50,0 -50,0 -50,0 -50,0 | 190,0 190,0 190,0 190,0 190,0 | 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 60,0 | 210,0 210,0 210,0 210,0 210,0 | -30,0 -50,0 -60,0 -40,0 -20,0 | 220,0 230,0 240,0 250,0 260,0 | 0,0 -20,0 -30,0 -10,0 10,0 | 220,0 230,0 240,0 250,0 260,0 | 10018/18// 10018/18// 10018/18// 10018/18// 10018/18// |
:
270102 (290300) ;
270105 (290500) ;
270109 (290700) ;
270115 (291500)
. . , . .
. .
60´84 1/16 ... 7,3 .-. . 6,2
. . 200
-
355029, ., . ,2
__________________________________________________________________
-
