- 7 ..-1 ..:
1. 6-5 ..;
1.1. ;
1.2. ;
1.3. ;
1.4. .
2. 5-4 ..;
2.1. ;
2.2. ();
2.3. .
3. , 3 ..-1 ..
3.1. ();
3.2. ;
3.3. ;
3.4. ().
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.
(, ).
.
( ).
.
.
, .
Panta pei , .
: ; .
, :
1.
2. ()
3. ( )
4. (, 2 )
. .
.
: , .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
, .
.
, .
.
.
:
1.
2.
3. .
.
- (). .
:
1. -
2. -
3. -
3 : (), ( ) (). , , .
|
|
3 : (), (), ( ). . , . , .. , . , .
( , , )
.
. , .
.
.
.
. , ( - , - , - ), . , - , , . , . . .
(.. ).
, .
- : .
- .
() , - , . - .
- , : 1) 2) 3) , . - , , , - , . . , , .
- , .
, :
1. Causa materiales
2. Causa formales -
3. Causa eficiens
4. Causa finales , 3
:
1
2 à
3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
() ()
. .
|
|
, , . .
, , . . .
()
, ( , ).
.
.
- 2-14
2-4
.
:
1. ;
2. ( );
3. .
, :
1. ;
2. ;
3. ().
,
:
1. ;
2. ;
3. .
,
. .
2- :
( )
: : :
1.
2.
5-8
.
, .
; , .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (, ) .
1.
2. ,
3.
4.
5.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(, ) .
()
1.
2.
3.
:
1.
- , - . .
2.
. .
3.
, , , , .
4.
. , . , .
5.
, . , .
|
|
- 14 -16 .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. - . - , . : . , , .
- , , . , , , - . . . , . .
. . .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. . , () . . . . - . . . , . , .
. - , - . , , - . . - . , . . (), ().
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: , , , . : " ". , . , . , .
|
|
, , , , .
, . , . , , .
- , " ".
, , . , . , , "" , . .
. , , , . .
, . " ". , , .
, . . : , - . - , - , - . - , . . , . , , .
- . - - . - , . , , . , . . - . , , . , .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
""
- , , , . - . - , .
.
" " - " " . , . , . .
- : , .
. . , . , , , . - , - . , . , . - , , . , , . . , .
|
|
- 17-18
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
() ; , .
:
1. ;
, .
2. .
, , .
:
1. , , , , , ().
2. , , ; - ().
3. - , ; , ( ).
4. , , ; ( ).
.
. , .
, , , .. .
- .
:
1.
2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - .
()
: 2 :
1. ()
2. ()
,
Cogito
, ,
2
:
()
, , ; , .
,
( )
:
1.
2.
= (à )
, .
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- XVIII - , , .
XVIII , , , , , .
XVIII , , , . , , , . .
XVIII , .
(1709-1751) , - , , , , ( ) . . . , . , , . , . , , , . .
, , , . - " ", " "; - " ". "-" .
(1715-1771) , , , , , . . . , , . , .
- , , . , . , .
(1723-1789) , . . - . :
1) ,
2) , , . . , .
. . , ; , , , . , , . , , . , , , , , . . . . . , , . , . , , , , , , , . : , . , . , . . . .
, , , , . , , , , ; , , . . .
(1713-1784) . , . . , . , , . , ; .
, , , . , , , , .
, . , . , . , . , . , , , , . , , , , , , , , . , , , . , , , . , . , . . , , . . , . .
XVIII , , . , , , . . . , . , . , , , . .
, , . , . , . , . , . , , . , , . , . , .
XVIII . XVIII , , , .
, ,
1.
2.
3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ,
:
,
:
1 : ( )
2 : , ,
1
2 ( )
: , ,
3
(: )
:
S O
,
, a priopi ( )
,
, , ,
( )
,
(a priori)
( , )
, ( )
= : à à
: , ,
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
: Ѻ
, ( , 1989 )
:
1.
2. :
1. ( )
2. ( )
3. ( )
:
,
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- , .
.
. , , .
1. , .
2. - .
3. , .
4. .
.
: .
: , , - . , .
.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
, , .
.
.
- .
:
1. 19-20 ;
.
.
: , .
.
():
1. ;
.
2. ;
, , , .
3. ( ).
.
.
2. ( ) ;
: , .
.
2 : 1 ; 2 , .
, . .
3. 20 ..
( ).
: , , , , .
.
:
1. ( );
2. ( ).
( ) ( ); .
() = .
, . , .. , . . , .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
(.)
(1875-1961) , , , , , .