, . , -, , , . . . (Fishman, 1966). - (Lansing, Heyns, 1959) (Boyatzis, 1972), , .
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- , : , 15 ( , , , , , ) . , , ,
. , - . , , . , , , , , , , .
, - , . , , , . . ( ) . , . , 60% 10% .
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(Altkinson, Walker, 1956) . - . , . , , - , , . , , ( ). , . ( ) , .
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. (Winter, 1967). , , (Byrne, 1962). (McClelland, Watson, 1973), (.McClelland, 1975). , , ; , , (Terhune, 1968b). , . . , (McClelland, Constantian, Pilon, Stone, 1982). , 12- , , . i
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(French, 1956) . , , , , , . . , .
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, , , . , ; , . 8 (. 8.3) (French, 1958). , , , , .
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. 11.1. ,
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(McKeachie, 1961, , 128)
, , . (Atkinson, Raphelson, 1956), - - (Atkinson, O'Connor, 1966), (French, 1955; Jopt, 1974). (Jopt, 1974) -, ( ), ( , ). 16- ; ( ) ( ) -, - ( ). - .
. 11.2 . . -. : , ( < ), , , ( > ), ( < ), -. , , , -, , , . , , (Schneider, Meise, 1973). , .
. 11.2. . {N= 15)
-, - -.
: - ( > ), - (<), - ( > ), - ( < ) (Jopt, 1974, . 323)
(Sorrentino, Sheppard, 1978) , . , . 200 : . , . , , . ( ) , , - .
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