, , , . , , , . , .
. 205253* 142562*. , (. 1.1). . , , , ,
( D), , ( ) .
, (. 1.2) , = , .
. ds, dβ,
. cos= 1, 
ds , = r ( )
G (G= 8000--8500 /2 (80-85 );
Id
:
b h:
ds Qds , rQds. O ( ) z:
1.1
1.2
:
2.
2.1.
. 2.1.
2.1
f . ,
|
|
|
S = S 1 + S 2 + S 3 + + Sn;
f =1 f +2 f + + n f = 
= f 
.
, ,
= 
.
, .
2.2. .
, , , .
, , .
, , .
0 . , . 2.2.
2.2
. 2.2:
1, 2,, n ;
f () ;
Si i - , ();
S = S 1 + S 2 + + Sn = 
,
S () ;
;
xi i - , ;
x 0 ( ).
:
S = 
= S 1 + S 2 + + Sn,
; 
;
S x 0 = S 1 x 1 + S 2 x 2 + + Sn xn
f x 0 
= f 1 x 1 + f 2 x 2 + + f n xn = f 
.
:
x 0 = 
.
2.3.
. 2.3, .
2.3
. 2.3, .
S . . ,
f = f 1 + f 2 + f 3 ++ fn = 
,
fi = 
,
f = 
.
.
= 
.
, , . , , .
i - fi = 
.
3.1. .
3.2. , 3.1. 1
3.1
1
| D, | d, | n, | n, | |
|
|
|
3.3. , 3.2. 2.
3.2
2
| , | L, | |
| 5,5 | ||
| 5,5 | ||
3.4. ( 3.3 ). . 3.
3.3
3
| i, | i, | ||
| , | L, | , | |
| 5,5 | |||
3.4. ( 3.3 ). 4.
4 .
| , | L, | |
| 5,5 | ||
