, , , - . . . , f (. 2.16, ) -
/,
d =(f/p) * l
, l, d, f/p.
p () (. 2.16,6), l , , .
.
(. . 2.16,). , (. . 2.7), , F l . 0 F L . . 2.16,6 d
d = L + f + δ L F; f - ; f + δ .
( ) . NMF nmf
L/l = f / p
L = f l / p
f / p = K
ʗ , 100. d = L + f + δ => f + δ = c, (L/l = f / p) (f / p = K),
d = Kl + c
, .
, , . . 2.8 (2.4). f δ1.
, , , . (d = Kl + c)
d = 100l + Δ
Δ - , . , 100.
, .
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, , . . , 1/300. , . , , I , . , ( ). , , - .
13. : , , , .
, .) . .
, , , , .
, .
( ) . () l () s , . .
1/ = l/s
.
, . , , .
1/ = l/s
.
: S = 142 . 1: 2000
(. ) : s = 142: 2000 = 0,071 = 7,1 .
: 1:500 s = 14,6. S . S = 14,6*500 = 7300 = 73 .
. . l . , l,, (sr) , s . , , , = 0. : , . , I. : 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 1:5000 ; 1: 10000, 1:25000, 1:100000, 1:200000,1:500000, 1:1000000 .
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, , .. 2...2,5 , . 10 , . () , l. , l, () , 5.1. .
(). , () 0,01 . , 0,1 .
: , ()