I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Ex.1. Match:
| 1 reliable- | 2A say or estimate that (a specified thing) will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something- ( ), - |
| 2 To predict- | 1B consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted- , |
| 3 capable- | 3C having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve a specified thing- , |
| 4 scale- | 5D relate to; be about- |
| 5 concern- | 4E an instrument for weighing, originally a simple balance (a pair of scales) but now usually a device with an electronic or other internal weighing mechanism - , ( ), , , |
Ex.2. Match the places in column A with the computer uses in column B:
| A | B |
| 1 Banks- | 2 Control machines- |
| 2 Factories- | 3Calculate the bill- |
| 3 Homes-() | 4 Look after patient- |
| 4 Hospitals- | 5 Provide entertainment and information- |
| 5 Shops- | 1Control our money- |
Ex.3. Translate:
Into Russian: Applied physics- , generation-, scientific research- , due to the efforts- , manipulation-, to replace vacuum tubes- , a piece of semiconductor- , reduced weight- , power consumption- , to carry out-, solid body- , to respond-, at a rate- , integrated circuit (I)- , batch processing- , to assemble-, to lower manufacturing- , to increase reliability- , Electronics-; electrons-.
Into English: - Applied physics; - transmission and reception of information; - electron flow; - it is hard to imagine; - scientific research; - industrial engineering; - calculate the trajectory of the spacecraft; - to detect the phenomena of nature; -due to Electronics; - a starting point; - promote the management of signals; - fast growth; - a variety of lamps; - the creation of the first computers; - completely replaced.
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Ex.4. Give the English equivalents of the prepositions and conjunctions in brackets.
1. The energy ( for) a nuclear power plant comes ( from) the heat releases ( during ) fissioning of uranium ( in) a nuclear reactor.
2. There are two main differences ( between) a nuclear power plant a stream-electric power plant. The nuclear power plant uses a nuclear fuel ( instead) a fossil fuel, and it uses a reactor ( instead) a boiler.
3. (- because of) their high consumption gas turbines are more expensive to operate than stream turbines.
Ex.5. Choose the correct form:
1. One can (reduce, be reduced) heat losses in a transmission line.
2. Heat losses should (reduce, be reduced) constantly and effectively.
3. The output of machinery is steadily being (increasing, increased).
II. Reading
Ex.6. Read the text an answers the questions that follow.
Nuclear Power Plants
The energy for operating a nuclear power plant comes from the heat released during the fissioning of uranium or plutonium atoms is a nuclear reactor. This fission heat is used to generate steam, which drives a turbine generator. Thus, they are two main differences between a nuclear power plant and a stream-electric power plant: The nuclear power plant uses a nuclear fuel instead a fossil fuel, and it uses a reactor instead of a boiler.
The fissioning uranium-235 or plutonium-239 atoms atoms the primary nuclear fuels is caused by the impacts of neutrons of these atoms. The fissioning process not only produced heat but also several additional neutrons that can cause fissioning of other uranium-235 or plutonium-239 atoms. Thus, by proper arrangement of the atoms of the fuel, a sustained chain reaction can be maintained to provide a steady source for heat for operating a power plant. This chain reaction is controlled by regulating the number and the energy of the neutrons as they procced from one fission reaction to another.
There are various types of nuclear reactors. The major differences between them are the form of the fuel, the methods for controlling the number and energy of the neutrons, and the type of liquid or gas used to remove the heat from the reactor core.
1. What does the energy come from?
2. What are the major differences between nuclear reactors?
Ex.7. Read the text and entitle it:
Transistors-
It is well known that the quick development of electronics began with the invention of transistors. They replaced electronic tubes due to their numerous advantages. One of the main advantages of the transistors in comparison with the vacuum tube is absence of filament power loss. One of the principal causes of damages in electronic circuitry is high temperature. The heat causes breakdown of tubes and other circuit elements that are very sensitive to this influence. The transistor, on the other hand, does not heat its surroundings.
Another advantage of the transistor is its long life. The life of the average transistor is more than ten thousand operating hours. Because of its long lifetime and ruggedness, the transistor is very reliable and has much better efficiency in professional equipment.
III. Speaking
