, .
( , ).
-
.
4.3.3 .
, : + ()2 = 1,0, , , ( 2 ..2.5).
2, : 2 = 1,9⋆ ⋆ = b⋆ [ 2 ], (2.3), .63, : (. );
, . = + ; [ 2 ], (2.8), .65 ; [ 2 ], .65, R ; b .
, .
= , .
= .
: σ. =
= .
4.3.4 : + ()2 = 1,0, : σ . = = + = ; .
= .
4.3.5 (. ), h = , .
h = 1. , = (. ).
- EXCEL.
5. . 9.
1,2 - : -4,01; -3.150.0,1; -7. 3 - ( ). , :
- ;
- .
.
.
5.1.1 .= 1,25, :
:qσ = 38 1,25= 47,5 /. (); qτ = 21 1,25 = 26,25/.().
5.1.2 -4,01 200 :
00 ( ) = 90 /2;
|
|
00 = 12000 /2;
00 ( ) = 90 /2;
= 8,0 /2;
= 29,0 /2;
m0,90 = 0,265 ( );
() d1 = 0,125.
γ=1,5 /3.
5.1.3. 00 ( ) qσ, 0 qτ. , qσ qτ, , .
5.1.4 () (n0) 00 qσ:
- = = = 0,53.; n0 = = = 4,22. , 2 , n0 = 6 . ( d1 . ). . n0 = 6 , 3 , 3- .
5.1.5 () (n45) 0 qτ : - = = = 0,91. 0 : n45 = = = 7,24. , 2 , n45 = 8 . ( 4- . n45 = 8 , 4 , 4- .
5.1.6 , , :
- ( );
- + 450 450;
- ( ) ( ).
: +450, 00, -450, 00, +450, 00, -450, , - 450, 00, +450, 00, -450, 00, +450.
, , 6.1.6. .5.1.7.
5.1.7 . : n0 + n45 = 6 + 8 = 14, = 14 0,125 = 1,75 .
5.1.8 . :
= = = 27,14 /2; = = = 15,0 /2;
5.1.9 , .
00 ( qσ) = + 0,25 = + 0,25 = 0,43 + 0,14 = 0,57. = 0,57 90 = 51,3 /2, = 0,57 12000 = 6840 /2. 51,3 /2;
5.1.10 0 ( qτ) + 8 + /2.
5.1.11 : ( ) X ( ) ( ) , -:
|
|
- + +
: , .
:
+ 1. :
+ = + = 0,28 + 0,56 = 0,84, , 1,0. = = 1,19.
, 1,0 1,0. (, 0,95 1,05). , .5.1.6.
5.1.12 :
1. : +450, 00, -450, 00, +450, 00, -450, , - 450, 00, +450, 00, -450, 00, +450, 00- qσ. 2- = 1,75, 0,875 .