Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction.
It is important that he should understand this. It is important for him to understand this.
He was the first man who arrived. He was the first man to arrive.
1. The captain was the last man who left the ship. 2. He got to the top and was very disappointed when he found that someone else had reached it first. 3. There are a lot of sheets that need mending. 4. I was astonished when I heard that he had left the country. 5. It is better that he should hear it from you. 6. / was rude to him, which was stupid. (It was stupid...) 7. If he had another child with whom he could play he would be happier. 8. It is necessary that everyone should know the truth. 9. There was no place where we could sit. 10. He put his hand into his pocket and was astonished when he found that his wallet wasn't there. 11. He rushed into the burning house, which was very brave of him. (It was very brave...) 12.1 can't go to the party; I have nothing that I can wear. 13. is expected that he will broadcast a statement tonight. (He is expected...) 14.1 want a kitchen where (=in which) I can cook. 15. He reached the station exhausted and was very disappointed when he learnt that the train had just left. 16. Haven't you anything with which you could open if. 17. It seems that the crime was committed by a left-handed man. (The crime seems... Use perfect infinitive passive.) 18. Is it likely that he will arrive before six? (Is he...) 19. It is said thathe was a brilliant scientist. (He is said...) 20. It is advisable that we should leave the house
separately. 21. You signed the document without reading it, which was very stupid. (It was stupid...) 22. It is said that she has a frightful temper. (She..) 23. He was the first man who swam the Channel. 24. They believe that he is honest. (He...) 25.It appears that he was killed with a blunt instrument. (He appears... Use passive infinitive.) 26. He was the only one who realized the danger. 27. It is said that the earth was originally part of the sun. (The earth...) 28. It is said that he is hiding in the woods near your house. 29. It is said that this palace was built in three years. This palace is said... 30. They expect thathe will arrive on Tuesday. (He...). 31.1 knew that he was a boring man. (I knew...)
Self check
I. Insert to where necessary before the infinitive in brackets.
1. He made me (do) it all over again. 2. He will be able (swim) very soon. 3. You ought (go) today. It may (rain) tomorrow. 4. He made her (repeat) the message. 5. They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined. 6. I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day. 7. Will you help me (move) the bookcase? 8. He is expected (arrive) in a few days. 9. Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible. 10. He made me (wait) for hours. 11. I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go). 12. You seem (know) this area very well. Yes, I used (live) here. 13. The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police, and the parents didn't dare (disobey). 14. I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any more money till the end of the month. 15. It is easy (be) wise after the event. 16. Do you (wish) (make) a complaint? 17. We don't (want) anybody (know) that we are here. 18. If you can't (remember) his number you' d better (look) it up. 19.1 want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought (know) it. 20. He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country. 21. Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals. 22. He should know how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't you had better (show) him. 23. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt. 24.1 heard the door (open) and saw a shadow (move) across the floor. 25. He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother. 26. As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house. 27.1 felt the house
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(shake) with the explosion. 28. Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen. 29. Would you (like) (come) in my car? No, thanks, I'd rather (walk). 30. I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off. 31. It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) it under your bed in an old stocking. 32. Did you remember (give) him the money? No, I didn't, I still have it in my pocket; but I'll (see) him tonight and I promise (not forget) this time. 33.1 saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes.
34. That is too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you.
35. The children were made (obey). 36. She was seen (cross) the street and (turn) round the corner. 37.1 didn't expect her (marry) him. 38. They were supposed (know) German well.
II. Choose the correct answer.
1. Are you sure you told me? I don't recall... about it.
A. having told C. to have told
B. having being told D. to have been told.
2. Dan appears... some weight. Has he been ill?
A. having lost C. to have lost
B. having been lost D. to have been lost
3. Tom made a mistake at work, but his boss didn't fire him. He's lucky... a second chance.
A. having given B. having been given
C. to have given D. to have been given
4. Dr Wilson is a brilliant dedicated scientist who had expected to be selected as the director of the institute. She was very surprised not... the position.
A. having offered C. to have offered
B. having been offered D. to have been offered
5. By the time their baby arrives, the Johnsons hope... painting and decorating the new nursery.
A. having finished C. to have finished
B. having been finished D. to have been finished
6. We would like... to the president's reception, but we weren't.
A. having invited C. to have invited
B. having been invited D. to have been invited
7. The stockbroker denied... of the secret business deal.
A. having informed C. to have informed
B. having been informed D. to have been informed
8. George mentioned... in an accident as a child, but he never told us the details.
A. having injured C. to have injured
B. having been injured D. to have been injured
9. The Smiths wanted to give their son every advantage. However, they now regret... him by providing too many material possessions.
A. having spoiled B. having been spoiled
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C. to have spoiled D. to have been spoiled
10. The spy admitted... some highly secret information to enemy agents.
A. having given C. to have given
B. having been given D. to have been given
11. We were shocked to hear the news of your...
A. having fired C. to be fired
B. having been fired D. to have been fired
12. Marge's children are used to... after school every day. They don't have to walk home.
A. picking up C. be picked up
B. being picked up D. pick up
13. The bus driver was so tired of... the same route every day that he asked for a transfer.
A. to drive B. being driven
. driving D. drive
14. I'm sure it's not my fault that Peter found out what we were planning. I don't remember... anyone about it.
A. having told C. to tell
B. being told D. to be told
15. Even though she was much younger than the other children, Alexis demanded... in the game they were playing.
A. including C. to include
B. being included D. to be included
16. The baby continued... even after she was picked up.
A. being crying B. having cried
C. to cry D. having been crying
III. Put the verbs in brackets into gerund or infinitive.
1.1 used (ride) a lot but I haven't had a chance (do) any since (come) here. I ride sometimes. Would you like (come) with me next time? 2. Most people prefer (spend) money to (earn) it. 3.1 resented (be) unjustly accused and asked him (apologize). 4. It isn't good for children (eat) too many sweets. 5.1 didn't feel like (work) so I suggested (spend) the day in the garden. 6. Why do you keep (look) back? Are you afraid of (be) followed? 7. Do you remember (post) the letter? Yes, I do; I posted it in the letter-box near my gate. 8. Did you remember (lock) the door? No, I didn't. I'd better (go) back and (do) it now. 9. You still have a lot (learn) if you'll forgive my'(say) so. 10. It's no use (try) (interrupt) him. You'll have (wait) till he stops (talk). 11. I'm for (do) nothing till the police arrive. They don't like you (move) anything when a crime has been committed. 12. He didn't like (leave) the children alone in the house but he had no alternative as he had (go) out to work. 13. I'm very sorry for (be) late. It was good of you (wait) for me. 14. I keep (try) (make) mayonnaise but I never succeed. Try (add) the yolk of a hard-boiled egg. 15. Do you feel like (go) to a film or would you rather (stay) at home? 16. He took to (get up) early and (walk) noisily about the house. 17.1 liked (listen) to folk music much better than (listen) to pop. 18. The car began (make) an extraordinary noise so I stopped (see) what it was. 19. You'll never regret (do) a kind action. 20. He decided (put) broken glass on top of his wall (prevent) boys (climb) over it. 21. He annoyed me very much by (take) the piece of cake that I was keeping (eat) after my supper.
22. He kept (ring) up and (ask) for an explanation and she didn't know what (do) about him. 23. We got tired of (wait) for the weather (clear) and finally decided (set) out in the rain. 24. He made me (repeat) his instructions (make) sure that I understood what I was (do) after he had gone. 25. I suggest (leave) the car here and (send) a breakdown van (tow) it to the garage. 26. She apologized for (borrow) my sewing-machine without (ask) permission and promised never (do) it again. 27. I didn't mean (offend) anyone but somehow I succeeded in (annoy) them all. 28. He never thinks of (get) out of your way; he expects you (walk) round him. 29. You don't need (ask) his permission every time you want (leave) the room. 30. The police accused him of (set) fire to the building but he denied (have been) in the area on the night of the fire. 31. It's much better (go) to a hairdresser than (try) (save) time by (cut) your own hair. 32. I'd rather (earn) my living by (scrub) floors than (make) money by (blackmail) people. 33.1 always remember (turn) off all the lights before I leave my house. 34. I'll never forget (carry) my wife over the threshold when we moved into our first house. 35.1 regret (listen, not) to my father's advice. He was right. 36. We went for a walk after we finished (clean) up the kitchen. 37. Sometimes students avoid (look) at the teacher if they don't want (answer) a question. 38. The club members discussed (postpone) the next meeting until March. 39. Did Carol agree (go) (camp) with you? 40. The taxi driver refuse (take) a check. He wanted the passenger (pay) in cash. 41. The soldiers were ordered (stand) at attention. 42. The travel agent advised us (wait, not) until August. 43.1 don't mind (wait) for you. Go ahead and finish (do) your work. 44. Keep (talk), I'm listening to you. 45. The children promised (play) more quietly. They promised (make, not) so much noise. 46. Linda offered (look after) my cat while I was out of town. 47. You shouldn't put off (pay) your bills. 48. The doctor ordered Mr Gray (smoke, not). 49. Don't tell me his secret. I prefer (know, not). 50. Could you please stop (whistle)? I'm trying (concentrate) on my work. 51. Did you remember (turn off) the stove? 52. Jack was allowed (renew) his student visa. 53. Pat told us (wait, not) for her. 54. Mr Buck warned his daughter (play, not) with matches. 55. Would you please remind me (call) Alice tomorrow'? 56. I'm considering (drop) out of school, (hitchhike) to New York, and (try) (find) a job. 57. Sally reminded me (ask) you (tell) Bob (remember) (bring)
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his soccer ball to the picnic. 58. Alex broke the antique vase. I'm sure he didn't mean (do) it. 59. Mrs Freeman can't help (worry) about her children. 60.1 appreciate your (take) the time to help me. 61.1 can't afford (buy) a new car. 62. Julie finally admitted (be) responsible for the problem. 63. She keeps (promise) (visit) us, but she never does. 64.1 don't enjoy (laugh) at by other people. 65. I'm angry at him for (tell, not) me the truth. 66. It is easy (fool) by his lies. 67. Sharon wants us (tell) her the news as soon as we hear anything. If we find out anything about the problem, she wants (tell) about it immediately. 68. You must tell me the truth. I insist on (tell) the truth. 69. Martha doesn't like to have her picture taken. She avoids (photograph). 70. It's been nice talking to you. I really have enjoyed our conversation, but I have to leave now. I'm very happy (have) this opportunity to meet you and talk with you. 71. This letter needs (send) immediately. 72.1 thought Sam was sick. So did I. But he seems (recover) very quickly. He certainly doesn't seem (be) sick now. 73. Last year I studied abroad. I appreciate (have) the opportunity to live and study in a foreign country. 74. This year I am studying abroad. I appreciate (have) this opportunity to live and study in a foreign country. 75. Mrs Jackson complained about (tell, not) about the meeting. In the future, she expects (inform) of any and all meetings. 76. The dog needs (wash). He's been digging in the mud. 77. Alice didn't expect (ask) to Bill's party. 78. Matthew left without (tell) anyone. 79. It's useless. Give up. Enough's enough. Don't keep (beat) your head against a brick wall. 80. His (be, not) able to come is disappointing. 81. I hope (award) a scholarship for the coming semester. 82. We are very pleased (accept) your invitation. 83. It is exciting (travel) to faraway places and (leave) one's daily routine behind. 84. He wants (like) and (trust) by everyone. 85. I can't help (wonder) why Larry did such a foolish thing. 86. She admitted (drive) too fast through the town. 87. Mr Carson is very lucky (choose) by the committee as their representative to the meeting in Paris. 88. (Live) in a city has certain advantages. 89. It is very kind of you (take) care of that problem for me. 90. She opened the window (let) in some fresh air. 91.1 don't remember ever (hear) this story before. 92. You should stop (drive) if you get sleepy. It's dangerous (drive) when you're not alert. 93. After driving for three hours, ^e stopped (get) something to eat. 94. Please forgive me for
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(be, not) here to help you yesterday. 95. Polly was in the garden, so she didn't hear the phone (ring) 96. The guard observed a suspicious-looking man (come) into the bank. 97.1 was almost asleep last night when I suddenly heard someone (knock) on the door. 98. I remember it distinctly. At 5:30 yesterday afternoon, I saw Jim (walk) to his car, (open) the door, and (get in). 99. I got Mary (lend) me some money so I could go to a movie last night. 100. The teacher had the class (write) a 2000-word research paper. 101. Susie pretended (be) asleep. She pretended (hear, not) me when I spoke to her. 102. You seem (be) in a good mood today. 103. Janice is thinking about (look) for a new job. 104. Dick appears (have) a lot of money. 105. My father expects me (get) high marks in school. 106. According to the sign on the restaurant door, all diners are required (wear) shirts and shoes. 107.1 appreciate your (pay) for my dinner. I'll pay next time. 108. Children shouldn't be allowed (watch) violent programs on TV. 109. The sign warns you (turn, not) right on a red light. 110. After hearing the weather report, I advise you (go, not) skiing this afternoon. 111. Janice misses (take) walks with her father in the evening now that she has moved away from home.
IV. Translate from Russian into English.
Infinitive as subject, complement of subject
1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. , . 15. : - -? 16. . 17. . 16. . 19. -
? 20. . 21. . 22. . 23. , ? 24. , . 25. . 26. . 27. . 28. , , . 29. . , , . 30. . 31. . 32. . . 33. , , . 34. , , . 35. , , , . 36. . 37. - .
Verb + infinitive
1. , . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. , . 8. 7 . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. . , . 17. , . 18. . 19. . 20. . 21. , .
seem/happen/appear/prove/pretend + infinitive
1. , . 2. , . 3. . 4. , . 5. . 6. , . 7. . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , , . 11. , , . 12. , . 13. , . 14. , . 15. , 1986 . 16. , . 17. , . 18. , . 19. , , . 20. , -, . 21. , -, . 22. , , . 23. - . 24. , , . 25. , -, . 26. . 27. . 28. , . 29. , . 30. , , . 31. , -, . 32. , , . 33. , , . 34. . 35. . 36. . 37. , .
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38. , , .
39. , , .
40. , , . 41. , -, . 42. , . 43. .
Verb + object + infinitive
I asked John to help me. I made/let him come. He was made to come. He was allowed to come.
1. . 2. . 3. . 4. , . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. , .
17. , .
18. . 19. . 20. . 21. . 22. . 23. . 24. , . 25. , . 26. . 27. . 28. . 29. . 30. .
I want you to come. I'd like you to come. I expect him to join us.
1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , ? 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9.
, ? 10. , . 11. , . 12. , . 13. , . 14. , . 15. , ? 16. , . 17. , . 18. , .
I know him to be an honest man.
1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , ? 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. . 10. , .
is said/supposed/thought, etc. to be clever.
1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , 15 . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , . 11. , . 12. , . 13. , . 14. , . 15. , . 16. , .
The infinitive of purpose
1. , . 2. , . 3. 6 , . 4. , . 5. . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , . 11. , , . 12. , . 13. , . 14. , . 15. , . 16. , . 17. , .
The infinitive after adjectives
1. . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. . 8. . 9. , . 10. , . 11. , -. 12. . 13. , . 14. , . 15. , . 16. . 17. . 18. . 19. . 20. . 21. ( ). 22. . . 23. . .
The infinitive after nouns
1. - , ?
2. . 3. . 4. , . 5. , ? 6. , . 7. ; . 8. . 9. . . 10. , . . . 12. . 13. .
The infinitive after question words
1. , .
2. , . 3. , ? 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , .
See someone do and see someone doing
1. , -. 2. , . 3. , . 4. , , , . 5. , , . 6. , , , . 7. , - . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , , . 11. , -
. 12. , . 13. (), . 14. , . 15. , -. 16. , , - . 17. , .
likely/unlikely/certain/sure + infinitive
1. , , . 2. , . 3. . 4. , . 5. , , . 6. . 7. , . 8. () . 9. . 10. , . 11. . 12. , , 1- . 13. . 14. , . 15. , . 16. , . 17. . 18. .
Would rather/had better + infinitive
1. . .
2. . . 3. . ? 4. ? . 5. . . 6. , . 7. . . 8. ? . . 9. , . 10.
. . 11. . , . 12. ? . . 13. , . . 14. ? , . . 15. . . . 16. . , .
Fluency
