..
2011
811.111 (058)
..., .. .
: / .. . : - , 2011. 58 .
. , .
1-2 , . .
() ( 2 10 2011 ).
.., 2011
, 2011
to be There + to be to have ing/ed to do to make |
Pronouns
, .
( ) | ( ) | (?) | (?) | ( / , ) | ||||
I | me | my | mine | myself | ||||
we | us | our | ours | ourselves | ||||
you | , | you | , | your | , | yours | , | yourselves/ yourself |
he | him | his | his | himself | ||||
she | her | her | hers | herself | ||||
it | () | it | its | its | itself | |||
they | them | their | theirs | themselves |
:
1) , .. , , :
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He gave me an apple. . ( ?)
She thinks about me. - . ( ?)
They saw me at the university yesterday. . ( - ?)
2) : his name ( ), her desk ( ).
, : This is the friend of mine. . His book is on the table, and mine is in the bag. , .
3) / , , /:
He saw himself in the mirror. - .
She cut herself when she was cooking. - , .
, , , .. (he), himself, (I), myself:
I usually cook dinner myself. .
He usually cooks dinner himself. .
:
to wash | to dress | ||
to bathe | to hide | ||
to shave | to relax |
, , :
He washed, dressed and left the house. | , . |
Hide behind the tree. | . |
. : to feel, to behave . :
. feels good.
, . behaved like a child.
Demonstrative Pronouns
this - / that - / | these - those - |
:
1) this/these , , that/those .
2) / , , this/these, that/those:
Do you see the white house at the end of the street? My brother lives in that house. ? .
I usually work in this room. .
3) this/that one :
Will you give me another book? I dont like this one. - . .
to be
(, , , )
, , .. , , , , . , , .., .
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, : / 30 / , , : / , .
, , he was late ( ).
, , . :
Past Indefinite/Simple / | Present Indefinite/Simple / | Future Indefinite/Simple / |
+ - not ?(.) | + - ? (. ) | + will be - will not be ? (.) will be |
: + Yes, - No, not | : + Yes, - No, not | : + Yes, will - No, will not |
was were - | am is - // are - /// | |
: was not = wasnt were not = werent | : I am = Im He is = Hes We are = Were | : Will not = wont He will = hell |
- .- (?/?), . |
There +to be
1. , , , , , - - .
2. - to be - there, to be , :
Past Indefinite/Simple / | Present Indefinite/Simple / | Future Indefinite/Simple / |
+There - There not ? there | +There - There not ? there | + There will be -There will not be ? will there be |
+ Yes, there . -No, there not. | + Yes, there . -No, there not. | + Yes, there will. -No, there will not. |
3. :
There | to be | , | |
There is a book on the table. - . |
4. :
There | To be | No | , | |
There is no lamp on the table. . | ||||
There | To be | Not | , ( , ) | |
There are not any chairs in the room. . |
5. to be , .
to be / | There | , | |
Is there a book in the bag? ? Will there be a car at the door tomorrow? ? |
6. :
Yes, there to be ( ) | Yes, there is. | |
No, there to be ( ) not | No, there is not. |
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7. , .
There is a box under the bed. | . |
, :
The box is under the bed. | . |
8. some/any/many/.
There are many children in the park. | . |
9. , .. , (: ), , , .
10. 'there is/are' 'and' . , There is a TV, a refrigerator, an electrical stove and a radio in our home" (..), .
Prepositions
on | opposite | ||
in | (?) | in front of | |
into | (?) | behind | , |
under | in the middle of | ||
above | , | on/to the left of | / |
at | () | on/to the right of | / |
near | , | between | |
close (to) | , | from | , , |
next (to) | , , | out | , |
far (from) | () | to | |
here | towards | ||
round | , | ||
after | for | ||
before | with | , | |
at | about | ||
about | |||
nearly | , |
To have
to have
to have , :
1. , . ( -).
I have a house. - .
2. , . to 1 .
I had to get up early yesterday. .
3. . 3 . to have .
I have just written the letter. .
to have
I. to have , , ( - - ). Continuous.
II. Indefinite/Simple.
Past Indefinite/Simple / | Present Indefinite/Simple / | Future Indefinite/Simple / |
+ had - did not have ? (. ) did have | + - not have ? (.) have | + will have - will not have ? (. ) will have |
- not ? (. ) | ||
- no ( ) | ||
+Yes, did - No, did not. | +Yes, - No, not. | +Yes, will - No, will not. |
have has , , do does , , |
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III. to have. .
1. Present Indefinite , . Past Indefinite .
Past Indefinite/Simple / | Present Indefinite/Simple / |
+ had | + - not (no) ? |
+ She had a dog. . | + We have a new car. . - We have not a watch. / We have no watch. . ? Have we any good books? - ? |
not no , no , , not - , .
2. Present Indefinite got ( ), .
+ got - not got ? got | + She has got a camera. . - She hasnt got any flowers. . ? Has she got a house? ? |
3. ( ) , Future Indefinite.
Past Indefinite/Simple / | Present Indefinite/Simple / | Future Indefinite/Simple / |
- did not have ? Did have | - not have ? have | + will have - will not have ? will have |
We didnt have your telephone number. . | Doesnt he have a good dictionary? ? | We will have a new car soon. - . |
IV. have : He has a dog. .
V. - . .
I didnt have dinner yesterday. .
He doesnt have a rest. .
Continuous.
Plural
:
1. + s
dog +s =dogs
, s [z], , [s].
2. , : s, sh, ss, ch, x, z, + es, , [is].
bush+ es= bushes
3. , + es
tomato + es= tomatoes
: photo () photos, piano () - pianos
4. , y . y i + es = ies
city- cities
y , s
day + s= days
5. , f(e) - s, f v = ves
leaf - leaves
wife -wives
:
chief- chiefs (-), safe-safes (-), roof- roofs (-)
6. :
man- men | / | tooth-teeth | |
woman-women | foot-feet | ||
goose-geese | ox-oxen | ||
child-children | sheep-sheep | ||
mouse-mice | deer-deer | ||
swine-swine |
7. , :
(- tea) (- music) (- air) (- sand, - sugar) , , (- snow, -cheese, -bread) | |
- measles | |
- billiards | |
, ics, | -mathematics |
, | - news, - means, advice, money, - hair |
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8. , :
- spectacles, - trousers | |
people, police, - government | |
(, , ) | - the helpless, -the poor |
9. , - , : a piece, a sheet (, ):
piece of paper , a sheet of iron-
10. , :
few | ; | little | ; | |
a few | ; ; | a little | ; ; | |
some / ( , , some, , : Will you have some biscuits? - He ?) | ||||
any ( /, ) | ||||
several | ||||
many | much | |||
a lot of (+ ) | ||||
lots of - | ||||
plenty of ; |
Possessive Case of Nouns