, .
n, may must.
:
1) :
- May I come in?
- No, you may not.
2) 3 . . . s:
You must prepare your thesis. He must prepare his thesis.
3. to:
She must think it over.
4) can may could might, . , , must . :
Can, could to be able to
May, might to be allowed to + infinitive
Must to be to to have to
. :
They will be able to take part in the conference.
He will be allowed to go for a business trip.
She was to answer the question.
You will have to pass an examination. __
| - | Present | Past | Future | ||
| CAN , | (, ) | be able to | Can Am/is/are able to | Could Was/were able to | Will be able to |
| MUST | ( ), | have to be to | Must Have to/has to; am/is/are to | Had to: Was(were) to | Will have to |
| MAY , | be allowed | May Am/is/are allowed | Might Was(were) allowed | Will be allowed | |
| SHOULD , , | , | You should take an umbrella, it`s going to rain. | |||
| OUGHT TO , | ( ), | He ought to have written to her |
| Question word | Question | Answer |
| WHEN ? | When did they arrive? When will you com? | Yesterday. Next Monday. |
| WHERE ? | Where is she? Where can I find a book? | At home. On that table. |
| WHY ? | Why did he leave early? Why aren`t you coming with us? | Because he`s ill. I`m tired. |
| HOW ? | How did you come to the Univ.? How does he drive? How much money does it cost? How many people came? How old are you? How cold is it? How soon can you get there? How fast were you driving? How long has he been here? How often do you write home? How far is it to Miami from here? | By bus. Carefully. Two dollars. Fifteen. Twelve. Ten below zero. In ten minutes. 50 miles an hour. Two years. Every week. 500 miles. |
| WHO ? | Who can answer this question? Who came to visit you? Who is coming to dinner tonight? Who wants to come with me? | I can. Jane and Eric. Ann, Bob, and Al. We do. |
| WHOM ? | Who(m) did you see? Who(m) are you visiting? Who(m) should I talk to? To whom should I talk? | I saw George. My relatives. The secretary. |
| WHOSE ? | Whose book did you borrow? Whose key is this? Whose is this? | David`s. It`s mine. |
| WHAT ? | What made you angry? What went wrong. | His rudeness. Everything. |
| WHICH ? | Which pen do you want? Which one do you want? Which do you want? | The blue one. That one. |
11.
|
|
|
| SIMPLE | CONTINUOUS | PERFECT | PERFECT CONTINUOUS | |
| , | , | , | , | |
| PRESENT | V|Vs/es (3., ..) do|does? (3., ..)? every day, often, usually, sometimes, seldom I usually go to the swimming pool three times a week. | Be(am, are, is) +Ving ?Am I? Is he? Are you? At the moment, now when He is going to the swimming pool now. | Has +.. V|Ved Have Already, just, ever, yet He has already gone to the swimming pool. | Has + been + Ving Have For, since He has been going to the swimming pool for 3 years. |
| PAST | Ved/II..V did? yesterday, last, ago Yesterday I went to the swimming pool. | Was (I,she,he,it) +Ving Were (you,we,they) Yesterday at 3o`clock when At that moment yesterday he was going to the swimming pool. | Had+III..V/Ved by, when+III.V/Ved When she came home, Peter had already gone to the swimming pool. | Had+been V/Ving For, since, when, before He had been going to the swimming pool for one year when he stopped. |
| FUTURE | Will + V tomorrow, next in (a month) Tomorrow I will go to the swimming pool. | Will + be +Ving tomorrow from 3to5 Tomorrow at seven o`clock he will be going to the swimming pool. | Will + have + III.V/Ved by, when When she comes home tomorrow, Peter will have already gone. | will+ have+been + Ving for, by, before when(if) +V (simple) He will have been going to the swimming pool for three years by Sept. |
12.
.
( ) , .
( ) to be , 3 :
They treated the problem carefully (active). ( ).
|
|
|
The problem was treated carefully (passive). ( ).
, , :
They invited me to the conference. ( ).
I was invited to the conference. ( ).
, , .
:
They sent for a consultant. ( ).
A consultant was sent for. ( ).
. :
These articles are often referred to. ( ).
This book was much spoken about. ( ).
| SIMPLE | CONTINUOUS | PERFECT | |
| , | , | , | |
| PRESENT | be(am,are,is)+III..V/Ved every day, often, usually sometimes, seldom Many houses are built every year. | Be(am,are,is)+being+III.V/Ved at the moment, now, when The house is being built now. | Has +been+III.V/Ved have already, just, ever, yet The house has already been built. |
| PAST | was + III..V/Ved were yesterday, last, ago The house was built last year. | Was + being + III.V/Ved were yesterday at 3o`clock, when The house was being built from Sept. till May. | Had + been + III. V/Ved By, when+III.V/Ved The house had been built by Dec. |
| FUTURE | will + be + III.V/Ved tomorrow, next, in (a month) The house will be built next year. | will + have + been + III.V/Ved By, when The house will have been built by the next year. |
