1. Our world is becoming an increasingly complex place in which we are very dependent on other people and organizations. An event in some distant part of the globe can rapidly and significantly affect the quality of life in our home country.
2. This increasing dependence, on both a national and international scale, forced us to create systems that can respond immediately to dangers, enabling appropriate defensive or offensive actions to be taken. These systems are operating all around us in military, civil, commercial and industrial fields. A worldwide system of satellites has been created and it is possible to transmit signals around the globe by bouncing them from one satellite to an earth station and then to another satellite and so on.
3. It is possible that future wide use of satellites in the area of telecommunications will provide a great variety of information services to transmit directly into our homes, possibly including personalized electronic mail. The electronic computer is at the heart of many such systems, but the role of telecommunications is not less important. There will be a further convergence between the technologies of computing and telecommunications. The change of this kind will lead us to the database culture, the cashless society, the office at home, the gigabit-per-second data network.
4. The new global satellite-communication systems offer three kinds of service. The first one is voice messages. Satellite telephones are able to make calls from anywhere on the Earth to anywhere else. Todays mobile phones depend on earth-bound transmitters, whose technical standards vary from country to country. Satellite telephones can solve this problem, but it is not a cheap service.
5. The second service is messaging. Satellite messages have the same global coverage as satellite telephones, but carry text alone, which is extremely useful for those with laptop computers. As we see, the Internet works in space too. The third service is tracking. Voice and messaging systems also tell their users where they are to within a few hundred meters. Combined with the messaging service, the location service could help rescue teams, to find lost adventurers, the police to find stolen cars, exporters to follow the progress of cargoes and so on.
6. Satellite systems provide better positioning information to anyone who has a receiver for their signals. Satellite method of communication is the future for all kind of telecommunications.
2. :
1. What does a worldwide system of satellites provide?
2. Has a worldwide system of satellites been already created?
3. What services do the new global satellite-communication systems offer?
4. Why are we forced to create such systems?
5. What does three new global satellite-communication systems offer?
3. , , :
A NEWS BROADCAST
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Good evening. This is Jana Hing is (report) from Laguana. The heavy rains that (affect) the north of the country have produced serious flooding. Emergency food supplies have been dropped by helicopter to families who (be unable) to get to distribution centers.
In the south, the drought (continue) to force thousands of refugees to head north. Many of these people (suffer) from diseases and are weak from months of famine. International organizations (try) to reach them with essential food supplies, but the civil war . (make) the job of these organizations extremely difficult.
In neighbouring Kwilulia the cholera epidemic (spread) as a result of lack of medicines and clean water. The Ministry of Health (issue) a warning to all people planning to visit Kwilulia to make sure they (be inoculate) against cholera. The extreme temperatures and the high level of humidity (not help) the situation. A United Nations spokesman said this (can) turn out to be one of the worst epidemics in the country history.
4. :
1. I think you will find a solution the problem.
2. You have a list of people you should write ..
3. Our English club has been thinking putting on a play.
4. My mother looks forward our coming home for the holidays.
5. Make a note what you might forget.
6. We are concerned how well he will do on the exam.
7. Due poor attendance, this course has been cancelled.
8. I hope you listened what the lecturer said.
9. Please pay attention how this is done.
10. My sister isnt very good physics.
5. . :
1. I didnt like to work as an engineer at the time but, looking on it, I learnt a lot and it was a very useful experience.
2. He is very selfish. He doesnt care other people.
3. You are speaking too fast. Please, slow .
4. I cant hear the TV. Can you turn it ?
5. Ive lost my pen. Can you help me to look it?
6. The party went until 3 oclock in the morning.
7. Jane was going away. I went to the airport to see her ..
8. As we drove through the city, our guide pointed all the sights.
9. Can you explain this rule me?
10. It was my first flight. I was nervous as the plane took ..
6. :
1. She hopes she can find the job she is looking for.
2. Kate always travels business class, so she must be short of money.
3. You could have left your bag in the shop.
4. Denis used to spend a lot of money on clothes.
5. Sometimes he has a sandwich for his lunch.
6. When Ann arrived at the party, Tim had already gone home.
7. Every year he goes to the dentist.
8. We were enjoying the party, but Helen wanted to go home.
9. Its the first time he has driven a car.
10. Alex is getting married next month.
7. , , :
1. If (she/not be) so absent-minded, (she/be) a much better student.
2. The picnic was OK, but (we/enjoy) it more if (the weather/be) nice.
3. If (I/be) you,(I/help) him now.
4. If (he/ring up) you up in an hour (he/tell) you everything in detail.
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5. If (I/be) a famous actor I, (to get) a lot of flowers every day.
6. You didnt phone. If (you/remind) me about your plans (I/help) you.
7. If (he/not pass) his exam, (he/not get) a scholarship next term.
8. If (she/go) to the concertnext week (she/be) the happiest girl in the world.
9. If (you/live) in the 18th century, (you/not have) a computer.
10. He is not ill. If (he/be ill), (he/not play) computer games.
8. :
1. , .
2. .
3. , .
4. , , .
5. , .
6. , .
7. , , .
8. .
9. , .
10. , .
9. , :
1. The teacher said to us, You must read this text at home.
2. She asked me, Do you know who has taken my book?
3. He said to me, I hope you havent forgotten to post the letter.
4. They said to me, Try this coat on before buying it. Maybe you wont like it when you have put it on.
5. I thought, He is a very clever man: he can help me.
6. The tutor said, Open your books and begin reading the new text.
7. Please help me with this problem, I cannot solve it, I said to my father.
8. Ann asked her friend, What did the professor speak about in his lecture?
9. He said, I havent yet seen the film you are talking about.
10. She asked her brother, Will you manage to get the tickets to the theatre on Sunday?
10. :
ADVERTISING
Many people find their work rather (bore) I get a lot of (satisfy) from my job. Advertising can be very (create) because you have to think of new ways to attract peoples (attend). The best way to do this is by surprising them (familiar) is boring and people soon get fed up with an (advertise) they have seen many times before. (conscious) they want to be shocked. Apart from (original) the other really important (character) of a good campaign is (memorable). After all if people dont remember what was being advertised, they wont buy the (produce).
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1. :
Greenpeace
1. The international environmental organization Greenpeace is dedicated to preserving Earths natural resources and its diverse plant and animal life. The organization campaigns against nuclear weapons testing, environmental pollution, and destructive practices in fishing, logging, and other industries.
2. Greenpeace was founded in Vancouver, Canada, in 1971 by members of the Dont Make a Wave Committee, a small group opposed to nuclear weapons testing by the United States military in Alaska. The group renamed itself Greenpeace to reflect the broader goal of creating a green and peaceful world.
3. Greenpeace won fame for its daring exploits calculated to attract media attention to environmental issues. Greenpeace members in rubber rafts have disrupted whaling expeditions by positioning themselves between the whales and hunters harpoons.
4. They used similar tactics in Newfoundland and Labrador to protest the clubbing of baby harp seals, whose soft white fur is highly valued by clothing manufacturers. The organization is well known for scaling corporate skyscrapers and factory smokestacks to hang protest banners.
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5. Greenpeaces aggressive style has often led to conflicts with corporation, local authorities, and even national government. In recent years Greenpeace has been troubled by internal disagreements over political strategy. Some members want to persist with an aggressive approach, emphasizing civil disobedience and physical confrontation. Other members, including the organizations leaders, are convinced that Greenpeace must work cooperatively with the companies and industries that have been its targets.
2. :
1. What does Greenpeace mean?
2. Why does this organization campaign against nuclear weapons?
3. When and where was Greenpeace founded?
4. Why was this organization called Greenpeace?
5. Why is this organization so well known in the world?
3. , , :
Dear Bob
It (be) great to see you the other weekend at my birthday party. There were more people there than I expected so I really (need) an extra pair of hands. Its impossible, but unfortunately something (happen) which is causing me a lot of worry.
As you know, because you (must hear) me mention it, my father is a keen collector of antique silver. Well, when Mum and Dad (get back) from their weekend away they were very pleased that the house was clean and tidy and back to normal. Then, to his horror, my father discovered that his cabinet (force open) and a valuable George III silver teapot (miss). With no signs of break-in, it very much (look) as if one of the party gests stole it. I am wondering if you (see) anything suspicious at the party.
Actually, I (try) to phone you last night but you (must be out). I did get through to Michael, but he (see) anything suspicious.
Let me know if you have anything to tell me.
Best wishes
4. :
1. The bus will go the college until everyone is taken home.
2. Ill phone you the afternoon.
3. I feel sorry this student. He has a lot of problems.
4. The girl you gave the book is my cousin.
5. The novel which we talked is being made into a movie.
6. It is stupid to get angry things that dont matter.
7. That man is responsible what his dog did.
8. The politician attributed his success the media.
9. Most of the people didnt approve what the policeman said.
10. Children are sometimes better following directions than adults.
5. . :
1. Thanks for lending me the money. Ill pay you next week.
2. If you dont know the meaning of a word, you can look it in a dictionary.
3. I cant remember the formula. I wrote it , but I cant find it.
4. There was a notebook on the floor. I picked it and looked at it.
5. Im not going out yet. Im waiting the rain to stop.
6. We cant go spending money like this. Well have nothing left soon.
7. They only invited a few people their wedding.
8. New experiments will be carried as soon as possible.
9. Please fill the application form and send it to us by 1 May.
10. When he touched her on the shoulder, she turned ..
6. :
1. I was sitting at the back of the theatre and couldnt hear very well.
2. He must have dropped his keys somewhere.
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3. The fire spread through the building very quickly, but fortunately everybody was able to escape.
4. Nicole used to have very long hair when she was a child.
5. Mike is having a shower at the moment.
6. When we got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into the flat.
7. The swimming pool opens at 7.30 every morning.
8. He was walking along the road when he saw David.
9. Thats the third time he has phoned her this evening.
10. My train leaves at 11.30, so I need to be at the station by 11.15
7. , , :
1. If (it/snow) tomorrow, (the children/play) snowballs.
2. Nellie went by bus to the hotel, but the traffic was bad. . (it/be) quicker if (she/walk).
3. I think he traffic is awful. If there (not/be) so many cars, there (not/be) so much pollution.
4. If (she/make) such a mistake tomorrow (she/fail) her examinations.
5. If (he/bring) his book home, .. (he/do) his homework last night.
6. I decided to go to the party last night. . (I/stay) at home if (I/be) tired.
7. If my brother (to be) in trouble. I (help) him, of course.
8. If (Liza/arrive) tomorrow (we/play) tennis.
9. If (their TV/not brake), (they/watch) the Presidents speech last night.
10. I dont believe you. If (you/be interested) in languages, (you/study) them.
8. :
1. ,
2. , .
3. , .
4. , , .
5. , .
6. , .
7. , .
8. , .
9. , .
10. , .
9. , :
1. The professor said to his assistant, You have made great progress.
2. Sam said, We shall have to discuss this text tomorrow.
3. We asked him What has happened to you? You look so pale!
4. She asked me, Where have you put my gloves? I cannot find them.
5. He said, Who is this man? I dont know him.
6. The girl asked, What is the price of this dress?
7. Kate said, He is one of the best speakers I have ever heard.
8. Tim said, I seldom went to see my friend in December as I was very busy.
9. My brother said, We arrived in London on Friday and the next day we went to look round the city.
10. She said to me, Are you going to leave St Petersburg for the summer?
10. :
THE DRIVING TEST
I knew I would have to (take) my driving test as soon as I saw the examiner. He didnt even say hello and seemed very (friend). I was a little bit late I suppose I had slightly (estimate) how long it would take me to get there. As usual in this (crowd) city all the buses were packed and I had had to wait more than twenty minutes before a (conduct) would let me get on a bus. I knew apologizing would be (use) so I just got in the car. (luck) I wasnt feeling particularly nervous but this horrible man stared at me in (belief) as I began to drive off. I put the car into gear, but it went (back) so fast I couldnt believe it straight into a wall. I was so (appoint) when he told me II had failed that I thought I might cry.
