,
,
,
- . , , . , ( ), , , , , .
, , (. . 12.2). , , , , , ( ). , , ( ). .
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. 12.2.
. , , . , , , , , . ( ), .
. -, . -, . , (Clarke & Saunders, 1988; Gallant, 1987). -, ( , ) ( , ). , . : , , (Ellis, Mclnerney, DiGuiseppe & Yeager, 1988, -, 10 , 1989). : , . , (Beck, Wright, Newman & Liese, 1993).
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, , (-, - , ). .
(. 12.3) . , , , .
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, , . , .
, . , , . , . , , , . : . : " . ", : " ! ! , !"
, . , . , . , , . , , . , , . , , .
- (. 12.1 . 12.4).
12.1
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, . , , , , . , , .
. 12.4.
, , .
. , . , . , ; , . , , .
, , . , . , - .
(. ), . , . -, , , .