.
... , , - ., , - ., , .
, , . 16 1993 .(Daily Mail, Saturday, October, 16, 1993)
, , 70 . , 2 % ( 800 000 ) . (4 %)... (The Lancet) 1987 3 000 .... .
... 70 ( - . .), , .
... (the Active Birth Centre), , (Keith Brainin) , 800 000 20 000 .
? ? , . ( , ) 70 , . .
AVON
1 Bristol: St Michaels Hospital
CAMBRIDGESHIRE
2 Huntingdon: Hitchingbrook Hospital
3 Peterborough: Peterborough Hospital
CHESHIRE
4 Warrington: Warrington District General Hospital
DORSET
5 Bournemouth: Bournemouth General Hospital
6 Poole: Poole Hospital
DEVON
7 Torbay: Torbay Hospital
DYFED
8 Haverfordwest: Withybush General Hospital
ESSEX
9 Barking: Barking Hospital
10 Basildon: Basildon Hospital
11 Colchester: Colchester Maternity Hospital
12 Harwich: Harwich Community Hospital
13 Ilford: King George Hospital
14 Orsett: Orsett Hospital
15 Rochford: Rochford Hospital
16 Romford: Rush Green Maternity Hospital
FIFE
17 Kirkaldy: Forth Park Hospital
GLAMORGAN
18 Cardiff: University Hospital of Wales
19 Neath: Neath Hospital
GREATER MANCHESTER
20 Manchester: North Manchester Hospital
21 Manchester: St Marys Hospital
HAMPSHIRE
22 Basingstoke: Basingstoke District Hospital
23 Southampton: Princess Anne Hospital
HEREFORDSHIRE
24 Hereford: County Hospital
HERTFORDSHIRE
25 Hemel Hempstead: Hemel Hempstead Hospital
26 Watford: Watford County Hospital
KENT
27 Canterbury: Kent & Canterbury Hospital
28 Chatham: All Saints Hospital
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29 Dover: Buckland Hospital
30 Maidstone: Maidstone Hospital
LANARKSHIRE
31 Carluke: Law Hospital
LANCASHIRE
32 Blackpool: Victoria Hospital
33 Bury: Fairfield General Hospital
34 Stockport: Stepping Hill Hospital
LEICESTERSHIRE
35 Leicester: Leicester Royal Hospital
36 Leicester: Leicester Royal Infirmary
LONDON
37 Chelsea: Chelsea & Westminster Hospital
38 Denmark Hill: Kings College Hospital
39 Ealing: Ealing Maternity Hospital
40 Edmonton: North Middlesex Hospital
41 Hackney: Homertone Hospital
42 Hammersmith: West London Hospital
43 Plaistow: Newham General Hospital
44 St Johns Wood: St Mary & St John Hospital
45 Whipps Cross: Whipps Cross Hospital
MIDDLESEX
46 Ashford: Ashford
47 Edgware: Edgware Hospital
48 Edmonton: North Middlesex Hospital
NORTHUMBERLAND
49 Ashington: Ashington General Hospital
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
50 Nottingham: Queens Medical Centre
OXFORDSHIRE
51 Banbury: Horton General Hospital
52 Oxford: John Radcliffe Hospital
POWYS
53 Knighton: Knighton Hospital
SHROPSHIRE
54 Oswestry: Oswestry Hospital
55 Wellington: Wrekin Hospital
SOMERSET
56 Taunton: Taunton Hospital
STAFFORDSHIRE
57 Stoke on Trent: North Staffs Hospital
SUFFOLK
58 Bury St Edmonds: West Suffolk Hospital
SURREY
59 Carshalton: St Helier Hospital
60 Chertsey: St Peters Hospital
61 Guildford: Royal Surrey Hospital
62 Thornton Heath: Mayday Hospital
TYNE & WEAR
63 Newcastle: R. V. I. Hospital
WARWICKSHIRE
64 Leamington Spa: Warneford Hospital
65 Nuneaton: Nuneaton Maternity Hospital
WILTSHIRE
66 Trowbridge: Trowbridge Community Hospital
WORCESTER
67 Worcester: Ronkswood Hospital
YORKSHIRE
68 Sheffield: Northern General Hospital
69 Wakefield: Pinderfield General Hospital
1993 . . (Dr. Roger LICHY & Eileen HERZBERG The Waterbirth Handbook. The Gentle Art of Waterbirthing, UK, Gateway books, Bath, 1993, p. 196-197.) (mb), (chb) (dch) , (d obst), , , (mf hom). . (1997 ) :
, , . . , (GP - , ) , , . (local Area Health Authority) . , .
, . , , , , , .
, :
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- ,
- ,
- ,
D - ,
- .
, . , . . , !
, , , ! 25 1997 , , 1996 105 . . . , , . , , . - , - .
, . 103 1996 . 202-208 - ? 1992 1993 219 10 000 , . , 179 , 20 ( - ) . , 5 000 . 1996 ( 4, 2, , 1996, . 111-112) , - 1996 !
, , . , , . , 80- ( 16 1993 ). . .
, 1 - 2 1995 . , , . . 1988 . , 1988 . 1997 . , . (the English National Board and the British Postgraduate Medical Federation). (Wembley Conference Centre, London, England). , , -, . (Parkside Communications Ltd.), ( 081 962 4141, 081 962 4005). : Parkside Communications Ltd. St. Charles Hospital, Exmoor St. London W 10 6DZ England. , , (the Water Birth Movement). , (Marsden WAGNER). 1978 , 32 . - 80 , 5 . , - , , UCLA (the Director of the UCLA-University of Copenhagen Health Servise Research Center).
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1500 . (Baroness Cumberledge), . (Chair of the Department of Healhs Expert Maternity Group, the Parliamentary Health Select Committee). (the Winterton Report) 1993 (Changing Childbirth). . . 1 600 , . . 948 . 1 000 : . . ... . 19 000 .
, , . - . . .
. . . , .
, , , , . . , . , , ! , , .