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... , , - ., , - ., , .

, , . 16 1993 .(Daily Mail, Saturday, October, 16, 1993)

, , 70 . , 2 % ( 800 000 ) . (4 %)... (The Lancet) 1987 3 000 .... .

... 70 ( - . .), , .

... (the Active Birth Centre), , (Keith Brainin) , 800 000 20 000 .

 

? ? , . ( , ) 70 , . .

 

AVON

1 Bristol: St Michaels Hospital

CAMBRIDGESHIRE

2 Huntingdon: Hitchingbrook Hospital

3 Peterborough: Peterborough Hospital

CHESHIRE

4 Warrington: Warrington District General Hospital

DORSET

5 Bournemouth: Bournemouth General Hospital

6 Poole: Poole Hospital

DEVON

7 Torbay: Torbay Hospital

DYFED

8 Haverfordwest: Withybush General Hospital

ESSEX

9 Barking: Barking Hospital

10 Basildon: Basildon Hospital

11 Colchester: Colchester Maternity Hospital

12 Harwich: Harwich Community Hospital

13 Ilford: King George Hospital

14 Orsett: Orsett Hospital

15 Rochford: Rochford Hospital

16 Romford: Rush Green Maternity Hospital

FIFE

17 Kirkaldy: Forth Park Hospital

GLAMORGAN

18 Cardiff: University Hospital of Wales

19 Neath: Neath Hospital

GREATER MANCHESTER

20 Manchester: North Manchester Hospital

21 Manchester: St Marys Hospital

HAMPSHIRE

22 Basingstoke: Basingstoke District Hospital

23 Southampton: Princess Anne Hospital

HEREFORDSHIRE

24 Hereford: County Hospital

HERTFORDSHIRE

25 Hemel Hempstead: Hemel Hempstead Hospital

26 Watford: Watford County Hospital

KENT

27 Canterbury: Kent & Canterbury Hospital

28 Chatham: All Saints Hospital

29 Dover: Buckland Hospital

30 Maidstone: Maidstone Hospital

LANARKSHIRE

31 Carluke: Law Hospital

LANCASHIRE

32 Blackpool: Victoria Hospital

33 Bury: Fairfield General Hospital

34 Stockport: Stepping Hill Hospital

LEICESTERSHIRE

35 Leicester: Leicester Royal Hospital

36 Leicester: Leicester Royal Infirmary

LONDON

37 Chelsea: Chelsea & Westminster Hospital

38 Denmark Hill: Kings College Hospital

39 Ealing: Ealing Maternity Hospital

40 Edmonton: North Middlesex Hospital

41 Hackney: Homertone Hospital

42 Hammersmith: West London Hospital

43 Plaistow: Newham General Hospital

44 St Johns Wood: St Mary & St John Hospital

45 Whipps Cross: Whipps Cross Hospital

MIDDLESEX

46 Ashford: Ashford

47 Edgware: Edgware Hospital

48 Edmonton: North Middlesex Hospital

NORTHUMBERLAND

49 Ashington: Ashington General Hospital

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

50 Nottingham: Queens Medical Centre

OXFORDSHIRE

51 Banbury: Horton General Hospital

52 Oxford: John Radcliffe Hospital

POWYS

53 Knighton: Knighton Hospital

SHROPSHIRE

54 Oswestry: Oswestry Hospital

55 Wellington: Wrekin Hospital

SOMERSET

56 Taunton: Taunton Hospital

STAFFORDSHIRE

57 Stoke on Trent: North Staffs Hospital

SUFFOLK

58 Bury St Edmonds: West Suffolk Hospital

SURREY

59 Carshalton: St Helier Hospital

60 Chertsey: St Peters Hospital

61 Guildford: Royal Surrey Hospital

62 Thornton Heath: Mayday Hospital

TYNE & WEAR

63 Newcastle: R. V. I. Hospital

WARWICKSHIRE

64 Leamington Spa: Warneford Hospital

65 Nuneaton: Nuneaton Maternity Hospital

WILTSHIRE

66 Trowbridge: Trowbridge Community Hospital

WORCESTER

67 Worcester: Ronkswood Hospital

YORKSHIRE

68 Sheffield: Northern General Hospital

69 Wakefield: Pinderfield General Hospital

 

1993 . . (Dr. Roger LICHY & Eileen HERZBERG The Waterbirth Handbook. The Gentle Art of Waterbirthing, UK, Gateway books, Bath, 1993, p. 196-197.) (mb), (chb) (dch) , (d obst), , , (mf hom). . (1997 ) :

, , . . , (GP - , ) , , . (local Area Health Authority) . , .

, . , , , , , .

, :

- ,

- ,

- ,

D - ,

- .

, . , . . , !

, , , ! 25 1997 , , 1996 105 . . . , , . , , . - , - .

, . 103 1996 . 202-208 - ? 1992 1993 219 10 000 , . , 179 , 20 ( - ) . , 5 000 . 1996 ( 4, 2, , 1996, . 111-112) , - 1996 !

, , . , , . , 80- ( 16 1993 ). . .

, 1 - 2 1995 . , , . . 1988 . , 1988 . 1997 . , . (the English National Board and the British Postgraduate Medical Federation). (Wembley Conference Centre, London, England). , , -, . (Parkside Communications Ltd.), ( 081 962 4141, 081 962 4005). : Parkside Communications Ltd. St. Charles Hospital, Exmoor St. London W 10 6DZ England. , , (the Water Birth Movement). , (Marsden WAGNER). 1978 , 32 . - 80 , 5 . , - , , UCLA (the Director of the UCLA-University of Copenhagen Health Servise Research Center).

1500 . (Baroness Cumberledge), . (Chair of the Department of Healhs Expert Maternity Group, the Parliamentary Health Select Committee). (the Winterton Report) 1993 (Changing Childbirth). . . 1 600 , . . 948 . 1 000 : . . ... . 19 000 .

, , . - . . .

. . . , .

, , , , . . , . , , ! , , .

 





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