, , , .
V ( 50 ), , , .
V = V :
= 0 (V )2. (16)
.
N | .............. |
F 2, | .............. |
P , (P , 0) | .............. |
D f / D f , | .............. |
m f | .............. |
, | .............. |
i, | .............. |
0 / 0, | .............. |
V , / V , | .............. |
, / , | .............. |
. 1
N - ;
L / L - / () ;
l - ;
R 0 - ;
h 1 / h 2 - .
. | N | L / L, | , | R0, | h1/h2, |
01, 51 | 1400/1400 | 3.7 | 45/34 | ||
02, 52 | 820/1400 | 3.7 | 23/43 | ||
03, 53 | 1400/1400 | 15.8 | 45/60 | ||
04, 54 | 2500/2500 | 8.2 | 30/40 | ||
05, 55 | 2160/2500 | 8.2 | 50/60 | ||
06, 56 | 2300/2500 | 5.07 | 50/40 | ||
07, 57 | 1800/2500 | 5.07 | 55/34 | ||
08, 58 | 1400/2500 | 5.07 | 30/45 | ||
09, 59 | 700/1400 | 3.7 | 40/40 | ||
10, 60 | 1000/1400 | 3.7 | 30/25 | ||
11, 61 | 1050/1400 | 15.8 | 56/60 | ||
12, 62 | 2100/2500 | 8.2 | 56/34 | ||
13, 63 | 1760/2500 | 8.2 | 40/45 | ||
14, 64 | 980/2500 | 8.2 | 34/58 | ||
15, 65 | 780/2500 | 5.07 | 40/40 | ||
16, 66 | 1950/2500 | 5.07 | 50/56 | ||
17, 67 | 1200/1400 | 3.7 | 40/30 | ||
18, 68 | 600/1400 | 3.7 | 46/56 | ||
19, 69 | 400/600 | 3.7 | 43/45 | ||
20, 70 | 1900/2500 | 8.2 | 40/30 | ||
21, 71 | 1100/2500 | 8.2 | 60/45 | ||
22, 72 | 830/2500 | 8.2 | 50/60 | ||
23, 73 | 1100/2500 | 5.07 | 50/48 | ||
24, 74 | 1400/2500 | 5.07 | 45/45 | ||
25, 75 | 340/1400 | 3.7 | 24/34 | ||
26, 76 | 600/1400 | 3.7 | 34/35 | ||
27, 77 | 600/600 | 3.7 | 45/44 | ||
28, 78 | 1700/2500 | 8.2 | 51/52 | ||
29, 79 | 1200/2500 | 8.2 | 46/48 | ||
30, 80 | 1200/2500 | 8.2 | 57/60 | ||
31, 81 | 1000/2500 | 5.07 | 48/45 | ||
32, 82 | 1680/2500 | 5.07 | 39/42 | ||
33, 83 | 340/1400 | 15.8 | 50/60 | ||
34, 84 | 780/2500 | 8.2 | 35/45 | ||
35, 85 | 2050/2500 | 8.2 | 45/45 | ||
36, 86 | 2500/2500 | 8.2 | 40/40 | ||
37, 87 | 1350/2500 | 5.07 | 45/45 | ||
38, 88 | 1230/2500 | 5.07 | 50/51 | ||
39, 89 | 260/1400 | 3.7 | 34/36 | ||
40, 90 | 360/600 | 3.7 | 23/26 | ||
41, 91 | 1570/2500 | 8.2 | 46/48 | ||
42, 92 | 1250/2500 | 8.2 | 52/53 | ||
43, 93 | 1400/2500 | 8.2 | 57/57 | ||
44, 94 | 2000/2500 | 5.07 | 43/43 | ||
45, 95 | 1800/2500 | 5.07 | 40/40 | ||
46, 96 | 500/500 | 3.7 | 41/23 | ||
47, 97 | 2000/2500 | 8.2 | 36/36 | ||
48, 98 | 1800/2500 | 8.2 | 34/42 | ||
49, 99 | 2300/2500 | 5.07 | 44/45 | ||
50, 00 | 2500/2500 | 5.07 | 50/54 |
N - ;
L / L - / () ;
l - ;
R 0 - ;
h 1 / h 2 - .
|
|
2. .
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
. 1 , , .
, , (), , . L 1 , G 1. ( R 0, f) , . 130 - 140 . G 2, , . . , .
. 1
, , 40 .
. 2.
1. .1 3 - 4 , .
2. ( 0.3, 0.5, 0.9 1.2 ) :
|
|
G = 20 lg(D) + 20 lg(f) +17.5, , (17)
D - , ;
f - , .
, , 45 .
3. :
L 0 = 20 lg (4.189 104 R 0 f), , (18)
R 0 - , ,
4. l o l (. 2) :
L = (go +g) R 0, . (19)
5. - :
= + G 1 + G 2 - L 0 - L 1 - L 2 - L - L - L , (20)
- , ;
L 1, L 2 - , . ( ), L 1 L 2 0.5 ;
L - ( 0 );
L - , L L . (L = 1 ).
6. , .
= P - (10-3), (21)
(10-3) - k o = 10-3 ( ).
.
7. . 1.
. 1 - 5 , .
.
G ( 45 )
0,3 | 0,5 | 0,9 | 1,2 | |
f1 | G | G | G | G |
f2 | G | G | G | G |
f3 | G | G | G | G |
/ | 0,3 | 0,5 | 0,9 | 1,2 |
. 1 | ||||
. 2 | ||||
.3 |
.
2
. | V, / | R 0, | . | V, / | R 0, |
01, 51 | 26, 76 | ||||
02, 52 | 27, 77 | ||||
03, 53 | 28, 78 | ||||
04, 54 | 29, 79 | ||||
05, 55 | 30, 80 | ||||
06, 56 | 31, 81 | ||||
07, 57 | 32, 82 | ||||
08, 58 | 33, 83 | ||||
09, 59 | 34, 84 | ||||
10, 60 | 35, 85 | ||||
11, 61 | 36, 86 | ||||
12, 62 | 37, 87 | ||||
13, 63 | 38, 88 | ||||
14, 64 | 39, 89 | ||||
15, 65 | 40, 90 | ||||
16, 66 | 41, 91 | ||||
17, 67 | 42, 92 | ||||
18, 68 | 43, 93 | ||||
19, 69 | 44, 94 | ||||
20, 70 | 45, 95 | ||||
21, 71 | 46, 96 | ||||
22, 72 | 47, 97 | ||||
23, 73 | 48, 98 | ||||
24, 74 | 49, 99 | ||||
25, 75 | 50, 00 |
V ,
R 0 - .
|
|
1
f, | P , | , / | (10-3), | |||
- 11 | 10.7-11.7 | 2 8 | - 86 - 83 | |||
- 2 | 10.7-11.7 | - 78 | ||||
--120/480 | 10.7-11.7 | 18.5 | - 73 | |||
--11-120 | 10.7-11.7 | 18.5 | - 87 | |||
--11-15/30 | 10.7-11.7 | - 87 | ||||
Nateks-Mikrolink SDH | , | 10.75-11.25 | 128 QAM | STM-1 | - 70* | |
-11 | , | 10.7-11.7 | 28.5 | QPSK | 2 8 34 | - 90 - 86 - 81 |
SRA 1/1S | Siemens | 12.7-13.3 | 22.5 | 32 TCM | STM-0 | - 80.5 |
NL 183 | Nera | 12.7-13.3 | 4 | - 88 | ||
-13 | 12.7-13.3 | 10 - 26 | - | 2 8 16 | - 90 - 87 - 78 | |
PASOLINK + (13) | NEC | 12.7-13.3 | 16.5 16.5 19.5 19.5 | 128 QAM(RS) 32 QAM(RS) 16 QAM (RS) 16 QAM (RS) | STM-1 STM-0 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 70 - 80 - 86.5 - 83.5 |
PASOLINK 13 | NEC | 12.7-13.3 | 23 23 20 | QPSK QPSK 16 QAM 16 QAM | 4 8 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 92.5 - 89.5 - 83.5 - 80.5 |
SAGEM/LINK | 12.7-13.2 | QPSK | 2 2 4 2 8 x 2 16 x 2 (34) | - 98 - 95 - 93 - 89 | ||
Nateks-Mikrolink | , | 12.75-13.25 | QPSK | 2 2 4 2 8 x 2 16 x 2 (34) | - 92 - 89 - 87 - 84 | |
FlexyHopper | Nokia | 12.7-13.3 | p/4 DQPSK | 2 x 2 4 x 2 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 93 - 90 - 87 - 84 | |
Nateks-Mikrolink SDH | , | 12.75- 13.25 | 128 QAM | STM-1 | - 70* | |
-13 | , | 12,75 - 13,25 | 28.5 | QPSK | 2 8 34 | - 90 - 86 - 81 |
FlexyHopper | Nokia | 14.5-15.3 | p/4 DQPSK | 2 x 2 4 x 2 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 93 - 90 - 87 - 84 | |
SRA 1/1S | Siemens | 14.5-15.3 | 21.5 | 32 TCM | STM-0 | - 80 |
Nateks-Mikrolink | , | 14.5-15.3 | QPSK | 2 2 4 2 8 x 2 16 x 2 (34) | - 92 - 89 - 87 - 84 | |
NL 185 | Nera | 14.5-15.3 | 4 | - 88 | ||
-15 | 14.5-15.3 | 20 (26) | - | 2 8 16 34 | - 89 - 86 - 83 - 80 | |
-15 | -2 | 14.5-15.3 | QPSK | - 87 | ||
MINI-LINK 15-C | Ericsson | 14.5-15.3 | 18 (25) | 4FSK | 2 8 16 34 | - 93 - 87 - 84 - 81 |
MINI-LINK 15- () MINI-LINK 15- | Ericsson | 14.5-15.3 | 18 (25) | C-QPSK | 2 4 8 16 34 | - 94 - 91 - 88 - 85 - 82 |
PASOLINK 15 | NEC | 14.5-15.3 | 23 23 20 20 | QPSK QPSK 16 QAM 16 QAM | 4 8 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 92.5 - 89.5 -84 -81 |
PASOLINK + (15) | NEC | 14.5-15.3 | 16.5 17 20 20 | 128 QAM(RS) 32 QAM(RS) 16 QAM (RS) 16 QAM (RS) | STM-1 STM-0 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 70 - 80.5 - 87 - 84 |
Nateks-Mikrolink SDH | , | 14.4- 15.35 | 128 QAM | STM-1 | - 70* | |
-15 | , | 14,4 - 15,35 | 19.5 | QPSK | 2 8 34 | - 90 - 86 - 81 |
FlexyHopper 18 | Nokia | 17.7-19.7 | p/4 DQPSK | 2 x 2 4 x 2 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 93 - 90 - 87 - 84 | |
Nateks-Mikrolink | , | 17.7-19.7 | QPSK | 2 2 4 2 8 x 2 16 x 2 (34) | - 92 - 89 - 87 - 84 | |
Nateks-Mikrolink SDH | , | 17.7-19.7 | 128 QAM | STM-1 | - 70* | |
MINI-LINK 18- () MINI-LINK 18- | Ericsson | 17.7-19.7 | 18 (23) | C-QPSK | 2 4 8 16 34 | - 94 - 91 - 88 - 85 - 82 |
PASOLINK 18 | NEC | 17.7-19.7 | 23 23 20 20 | QPSK QPSK 16 QAM 16 QAM | 4 8 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 93 - 90 - 84 - 81 |
PASOLINK + (18) | NEC | 17.7-19.7 | 18 15 17 20 20 | 32 MLCM 128 QAM (RS) 32 QAM (RS) 16 QAM (RS) 16 QAM (RS) | STM-1 STM-1 STM-0 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 80 - 71.5 - 80 - 87 - 84 |
CITYLINK 155 32 TCM/18 | Nera | 17.7-19.7 | 17 (21) | 32 TCM | STM-1 | - 73 |
-18 | , | 17.7-19.7 | 25.5 | QPSK | 2 8 34 | - 90 - 86 - 81 |
-23 | 21.2-23.6 | - | 2 8 16 34 | - 87 - 84 - 81 - 78 | ||
MINI-LINK 23-C | Ericsson | 21.2-23.6 | 4FSK | 2 4 8 16 | - 92 - 86 - 83 - 80 | |
CITYLINK 155 32 TCM/23 | Nera | 21.2-23.6 | 16.5 | 32 TCM | STM-1 | -72.5 |
MINI-LINK 23- () MINI-LINK 23- | Ericsson | 21.2-23.6 | C-QPSK | 2 4 8 16 34 | - 93 - 90 - 87 - 84 - 81 | |
PASOLINK 23 | NEC | 21.2-23.6 | 23 23 20 20 | QPSK QPSK 16 QAM 16 QAM | 4 8 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 90.5 - 87.5 - 83 - 80 |
PASOLINK + (23) | NEC | 21.2-23.6 | 18 15 17 20 20 | 32 MLCM 128 QAM (RS) 32 QAM (RS) 16 QAM (RS) 16 QAM (RS) | STM-1 STM-1 STM-0 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 80 - 71.5 - 80 - 87 - 84 |
Galaxy 23 | Harris, USA | 21.2-23.6 | 32 TCM | STM-1 | - 76 | |
FlexyHopper 23 | Nokia | 21.2-23.6 | p/4 DQPSK | 2 x 2 4 x 2 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 93 - 90 - 84 - 81 | |
-23 | , | 21,223,6 | 20, 23 | QPSK | 2 8 34 | |
Nateks-Mikrolink SDH | , | 22.0-22.6 23.0-23.6 | 128 QAM | STM-1 | - 70* | |
Galaxy 26 | Harris, USA | 24.3-26.5 | 32 TCM | STM-1 | -76 | |
MINI-LINK 26-C | Ericsson | 24.3-26.5 | 10, 19 | 4FSK | 2 4 8 16 | - 88 - 85 - 82 - 79 |
MINI-LINK 26- () MINI-LINK 26- | Ericsson | 24.3-26.5 | 10, 18 | C-QPSK | 2 4 8 16 34 | - 91 - 88 - 85 - 82 - 79 |
PASOLINK 26 | NEC | 24.3-26.5 | 20 20 19 19 | QPSK QPSK 16 QAM 16 QAM | 4 8 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 90 - 87 -82 -79 |
PASOLINK + (26) | NEC | 24.3-26.5 | 17 14 16 19 19 | 32 MLCM 128 QAM (RS) 32 QAM (RS) 16 QAM (RS) 16 QAM (RS) | STM-1 STM-1 STM-0 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 79.5 - 71 - 79.5 - 86 - 83 |
FlexyHopper 26 | Nokia | 24.3-26.5 | p/4 DQPSK | 2 x 2 4 x 2 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 92 - 89 - 86 - 83 | |
Nateks-Mikrolink SDH | , | 24.5-26.5 | 128 QAM | STM-1 | - 70* | |
-2 | 37-39.5 | 21, 25 | - | 2 8 | - 73 - 70 | |
Galaxy 38 | Harris, USA | 37-39.5 | 16.5 | 32 TCM | STM-1 | -74.5 |
MINI-LINK 38- | Ericsson | 37-39.5 | 4FSK | 2 4 8 16 | - 87 - 81 - 78 - 75 | |
MINI-LINK 38- () MINI-LINK 38- | Ericsson | 37-39.5 | C-QPSK | 2 4 8 16 34 | -88 - 85 - 82 - 79 - 76 | |
PASOLINK 38 | NEC | 37-39.5 | 16 16 15.5 15.5 | QPSK QPSK 16 QAM 16 QAM | 4 8 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 89 - 86 -81 -78 |
PASOLINK + (38) | NEC | 37-39.5 | 13.5 12.5 15.5 15.5 | 32 MLCM 32 QAM (RS) 16 QAM (RS) 16 QAM (RS) | STM-1 STM-0 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 78 - 78.5 - 85 - 82 |
FlexyHopper 38 | Nokia | 37-39.5 | p/4 DQPSK | 2 x 2 4 x 2 8 x 2 16 x 2 | - 90 - 89 - 86 - 83 | |
Nateks-Mikrolink SDH | , | 37.0-39.5 | 128 QAM | STM-1 | - 70* | |
37-39.5 | 2PSK QPSK QPSK 8 PSK | 2 8 34 | - 87 - 84 - 75 - 69 | |||
Sandra-3 | 92-95 | -2 | - 76 |
|
|
- - 4 - -2 - 8 PSK - | 4 FSK - QPSK - -QPSK- ( ) p/4 DQPSK- p/4 | N QAM - N- N TCM - N- N MLCM - N- RS - - |
( / , , , .)
/, (k=10-6) | D f | ||
(2 , FSK) | 13.4 | B | |
"" | (2 , PSK) | 10.5 | B |
, | 4 (4 FSK) | 23.1 | B/2 |
"" | 4 (4 PSK, QPSK) | 13.5 | B/2 |
"" | 8 (8 PSK) | 18.8 | B/3 |
"" | 16 (16 QAM) | 20.5 | B/4 |
"" | 64 (64 QAM) | 26.5 | B/6 |
"" | 256 (256 QAM) | 32.6 | B/8 |
(FEC) | 16 (16 QAM) c FEC | 17.6 | B(1+r)/4 |
"" | 64 (64 QAM) c FEC | 23.8 | B(1+r)/6 |
32 TCM | 17.6 | B/4 | |
"" | 128 TCM | 23.6 | B/6 |
16 MLCM | 15.6 | B/3.5 | |
"" | 64 MLCM | 21.7 | B/5.5 |
D f - , ,
- ,
r - .
|
|
STM-0 - (51.84 /)
STM-1 - (155.52 /)
2
5
6 , 0.01%
J 0.01, / | |
. | |
. | |
, | |
, . | |
- - | |
- | |
. | |
7
-2 | -4 | -6 | -8 | -2 | - | -4 | - 6-1 | -8 60/120 | |
, | 1.7-2.1 | 3.4-3.9 | 5.6-6.2 | 7.9-8.4 | 3.4-3.9 | 3.4-3.9 | 3.4-3.9 | 5.6-6.2 | 7.9-8.4 |
, N | 60/120 | ||||||||
, / | 1.5 / 32 | 0.5 / 27 | 7.5 / 39 | 0.4 / 26 | 5 / 37 | 10 / 40 | 2 / 33 | 1 / 30 | 0.3 / 25 |
. , / | 5.6 / 7.5 | 8 / 9 | 10 / 10 | 8 / 9 | 25 / 14 | 10 / 10 | 2.8 / 4.5 | 2.8 / 4.5 | 8 / 9 |
D f k, | |||||||||
. | 2+1 | 3+1 | 3+1 | 3+1 | 3+1 | . | 3+1 | 3+1 | 1+1 |
8
,
, | |||||
1.7 - 2.1 | 3.4 - 3.9 | 5.6 - 6.2 | 7.6 - 8.4 | 10.7 - 11.7 | |
-2 | - | 39.5 | - | - | |
-5 | 43.5 | 47.5 | - | - | |
-3.5 | 40.5 | 43.6 | 46.3 | - | |
-2.5 | - | 37.7 | 41.9 | 44.7 | - |
-1.75 | - | - | 38.8 | 41.6 | 44.4 |
- |
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