SELECT.
SELECT [ALL|DISTINCT|DISTINCTROW|TOP] < >
FROM < > [IN < >]
[<1> INNER|RIGHT|LEFT JOIN <2>
ON <1>.<1> = <2>.<2>]
[WHERE < >]
[GROUP BY < >]
[HAVING < >]
[ORDER BY <> [,<>]...]
SELECT . . SELECT SELECT FROM. SELECT , , FROM , . , . , : <>.<> (, .). . , . , . :
SELECT , , , [ ] FROM ;
*: SELECT * FROM ;
, , , , . ( ) , (+, ,*,/, ^), , , :
\ ( );
MOD ( );
& ;
IIF(, 1, 2) , 1, 2 ( 1, 2). IIF 0: IIF(IsNull([]), 0, []). , , , , . ,
SELECT [] & ' ' & [] & ' ' & [] AS _, , DateDiff('yyyy', [ ], Date()) AS FROM ;
(). AS (< > < > AS <>). . : 1 .. . , . , . .
|
|
, . ALL, DISTINCT, DISTINCTROW ( SELECT) . ALL, .. , . DISTINCT , . , SELECT. SELECT , , . DISTINCTROW . DISTINCTROW , . Access TOP, , , ORDER BY.
SQL . . . Access IN: IN . , SELECT * FROM IN c:\dBase\Clients.dbf dBASE. , BDE (Borland Database Engine) (BDE Alias), . BDE DSN (Data Source Name) ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) , . , SELECT * FROM:BCDEMOS:Clients.
WHERE . , . < > . , <, <=, >, >=, =, <>, , (NOT, AND, OR, XOR, IMP, EQV), , IN, BETWEEN, LIKE, IS (NOT) NULL . , / #.
IN : [1] IN (, , );
BETWEEN . And: [2] BETWEEN 50 And 100 ( [2] <=100 AND [2] >=50).
LIKE . :
* . %;
|
|
? . _;
# ;
[] . , [ - ], [3 - 9]. , !: [! - ]. , LIKE A* , A, LIKE 220### ,. 220, LIKE ####AA[A-X] AAA, AAB, , AAX.
. . . , , , . : INNER|RIGHT|LEFT JOIN WHERE. SQL , .. =, <>, <, <=,>, >=. INNER|RIGHT|LEFT JOIN SELECT FROM:
SELECT .[ ], ., .[ ] FROM INNER JOIN ON ._ = ._;
( ): SELECT .[ ], ., .[ ] FROM , WHERE ._ = ._;
, , .. (). INNER JOIN. , , , . , , . , . , , . , , -, . (LEFT|RIGHT [OUTER] JOIN). , . LEFT RIGHT , JOIN , :
SELECT , , [ ], FROM LEFT JOIN ON ._ = ._;
RIGHT JOIN . , , , , . (, , ). , , , , .. , ( ), :
SELECT ., ., ., 1. AS FROM As LEFT JOIN AS 1 ON . = 1.; ( , ).
|
|
, . , , , . ( ). GROUP BY . , GROUP BY. , . SELECT . SELECT , .. , , , , , . SELECT, . SELECT , , , , .
, . . . ( ) :
SUM ;
AVG ;
STDEV ;
VAR ;
COUNT , NULL. *: Count(*);
MIN ;
MAX ;
FIRST ;
LAST ;
, . WHERE . , SELECT Count(*) FROM ; :
SELECT Sum([ ] + [ ]) As _ FROM WHERE = ; , ;
SELECT ., Sum(.) AS FROM INNER JOIN ON . = . WHERE . ="" GROUP BY .; , .
HAVING GROUP BY . , WHERE, . HAVING , , GROUP BY, . < > < > WHERE:
|
|
SELECT _ FROM GROUP BY _ HAVING Count(*) > 1; - , .
ORDER BY . SELECT. <> : < > [ASC/DESC]. , , , :
SELECT FROM ORDER BY ;
WHERE. . SQL . . PREPARE, , .. . . UNPREPARE. Access , , . . , . PARAMETERS [ ] , [ ] , , . PARAMETERS .
PARAMETERS [ :] INT;
SELECT . FROM INNER JOIN ON . = . WHERE Year(.) = [ :];
SELECT . SELECT WHERE . SQL . . ,
SELECT , FROM WHERE < (SELECT AVG() FROM );
, ALL, SOME, ANY, EXISTS, IN, EXISTS . EXISTS EXISTS(SELECT * FROM ). NOT . EXISTS , . WHERE . , Pentium II 350:
SELECT FROM WHERE EXISTS(SELECT * FROM WHERE ._ = ._ And [ ] = Pentium II 350);
SOME ANY () , , . : SELECT * FROM WHERE > ANY(SELECT FROM WHERE >= 0.25); , , (.. ), 25%.
ALL , , .
SELECT FROM WHERE > ALL(SELECT FROM WHERE >= 0.25); , , (.. ), 25%.
IN , , .
SELECT FROM WHERE IN(SELECT FROM WHERE >= 0.25); , , 25%.
, , , . , .. , , . . , .
|
|
: , , .
, . :
UPDATE < >
SET < > = {<>, NULL } [, SET < > = {<>, NULL }... ]
[WHERE < >]
(NULL), . . ,
UPDATE
SET = Pentium III 800, = + 250
WHERE = Pentium II 350;
( ) . , . :
INSERT INTO < > [(< >)] VALUES (< >)
INSERT INTO < > [(< >)] < SELECT>
INSERT . , VALUES. . , . INSERT , SELECT ( ). ( , , ), INSERT INTO, SELECT. ,
INSERT INTO (, ) VALUES (Pentium II 233, 450);
INSERT INTO , , ) SELECT , , FROM WHERE = ;
, . . . , . :
DELETE FROM < > [WHERE < >]
WHERE , . . , . ,
DELETE FROM WHERE LIKE Celeron*;