.
( ) : .
:
, , , , : a black sheep , ( , ), to put smb in the cart - , (cart , );
: to keep one's powder dry ( ), the green-eyed monster (); as cool as cucumber ( ); what will Mrs Grundy say? ( );
: talk shop , step on it , , be in the limelight , to turn face about , .
:
: to cast pearls before swine , the root of all evil , a wolf in sheeps clothing ;
, .. : the golden age ; an ugly duckling (Danish); blue blood , (Sp); to make a cats paw of smb - (Fr).
() . : second to none nulli secundus; point of the honour point d'honneur (.); the apple of discord (), to wash ones hands of something (.).
(, , ). : to do ones level best , to look/ feel like a million dollars , ships that pass in the night , sell like hot cakes .
V.
, . , , .
, . (obsolete words) , , , .
|
|
, , , , , , , , , , . :
;
.
(Historisms) , , , , , , , . , , , . , . : battle , cross-bow , musket , sword , mail , knight , visor , halberd (), spear , archer , warrior , yeoman ( XIVXVIII . , ), scribe . .
. .
(Archaisms) , , - . . , , . - . . :
;
;
;
.
, : yon , albeit , ere , eke , aught -, foe .
. , , : beauteous - beautiful, darksome - dark, bepaint - paint. .
. , , . : pray , ; fair , fair - .
, . , , 2- .. st knowest, speakest, 2- ..: thou, thee, thy, thine, thyself 2- . .. ye, 3- .. -th: hath, doth, speaketh, : spake, brake.
|
|
, , , , , . , to pay scot and lot (scot . escot , , tax ); to bear the gree , (gree . degree , ( )); without let or hindrance (let , ).
. .
, . , , , .
, , , .. , ; , , .
:
( ): cancelbot , ; snail mail , .
, , : decaf (decaffeinated coffee) ; edutaiment (education+entertainment) ; walker ; sarnie sandwich; iffy uncertain; weirdo very strange person; wannabe (one who wants to be rich, famous).
, ( , ): squeeze , ; memory ; together well-balanced (Shes a together person); wet boring, weak (person); switched on well-informed; efficient, neat good.
:
;
;
;
.
. . , .. , , . nylon . lilliput, , . : waif , , ; geek ; dweeb , ; dude , ; bling ; yob , yonks , schmuck fool, idiot, wacky eccentric, odd.
|
|
, , , . , , . . , .
, . , , . : importee , - ; racketeer ; stalker , , ; jockster ; slimster , slapper ; winie ; foodie ; ableism ; neatnik ; sicknik ; microbot , . : in-language ; in-crowd , ; eyephone ; headcase , ; be-in , ; buy-in ; jobhopper , ; trouble-shooter ; wife abuse ; river abuse ; quality time , , . : pol (politician) ; urb (urban) . : vegelate (vegetable+chocolate) , ; japanimation (Japan+animation) ; skategate (2002 ); carboholic , .
, .. . - . - , (transfer or change of meaning), , .
. : spam (spam , ); superhighway , , , , ; juice . : handbag , ; trance , ; Doc Martens , Dr. Martens. : silicon ceiling ; silver ceiling ; arm candy ; eye candy , ; brain candy , .
|
|
, , . : pryzhok a leap (Russian); zaitech a large-scale financial speculation engaged in a company (Japanese); fatwa a legal decision or ruling given by an Islamic religious leader (Arabic); loc , , (Spanish), bastardo (Spanish), latte (Italian). (haut ton high society, bonhomie ), , , . - . : honcho infml., a controller, boss (Japanese); gado-gado a Singapore dish consisting of a cooked vegetable salad with hard-boiled egg and a peanut sauce; escrima a form of martial art involving fighting with sticks (originated in the Philippines); ikat a silk fabric traditionally made in Asia (Malaysian); otaku - , , , ( anorak, propeller-heads) (Japanese); karoshi , (Japanese); kaizen , , (Japanese).
. , . , .
. , . , , , . , , , , , - , , , .
( ) , - , . , , , . :
( );
, ;
;
;
( , ).
, .
. , , . , . , , . .
, : 1) Its time you had a little sleep now, Mr. Roger, she said with an Im-standing-no-nonsense-from-you expression in her eyes. (J.H. Chase); 2) Then we would eat at the dining-table in the front kept-for-best-in-the-off-chance-HM-the-Queen-should-ever-drop-by-unannounced-and-be-in-desperate-need-of-a-cup-of-tea room with its doilies, posh china and scary macramé picture of a donkey that my late great-aunt Irene had made. (Mike Gayle); 3) I was employing the classic my-lifes-so-crap-I-dont-want-to-moan-about-it-quite-yet diversionary questioning strategy. (Mike Gayle).
VI.
( . lexikòs gráphō ) , .
|
|
, :
1) , ,
2) ( ),
3) ( ),
4) ( ..).
:
1) ,
2) ( , , , ),
3) , .. ( , , , . .); (, .) .
:
) , - ,
) , ,
) .
, , , , , , , ; , . , .
, , . : ( ), ( ) ( , ). , .
, .
, .. , , .
, , , , . , , , , , , , . , , , , , . , . : the Oxford Paperback Encyclopedia, Random House Websters Biographical Dictionary, the Encyclopaedia Britannica (24 ); the Encyclopedia Americana (30 ).
, , , , , , .. .
, .. , , .
(The New English Dictionary on Historical Principles 470,000 ); (The Concise Oxford English Dictionary of Current English 74,000 ; The New English-Russian Dictionary in 2 volumes (I.R. Galperin) 150,000 ); , (The Pocket Oxford Dictionary of Current English 49,000 ; English-Russian Dictionary (V.K. Müller) 53,000 ).
, ( , ) Websters New World Dictionary in one volume, 160,000 ( ). , , , .
, , , . () . , , , , () , : New Oxford Dictionary of English. . , (general), (monolingual) (explanatory) .
, , , . :
- , , .., : Merriam-Websters Dictionary of Law. .
- , - , , , ..: J. Wright The English Dialect Dictionary. 6 vols Oxford 1898-1905; N. Wentworth American Dialect Dictionary NY, Crowell, 1944; M.A. Mathews Dictionary of Americanisms on Historical Principles. Chicago Univ. 1951; W. S. Avis, Toronto, Gage, 1967, A Dictionary of Canadianism on Historical Principles; S. B. Foreman, The New Zealand Contemporary Dictionary. Christchurch, Whitcombe, 1968;
- : E. Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English 2 vols. Lnd Routledge; H. Wentworth and S.B. Flexner Dictionary of American Slang NY Crowell, 1975;
- : A. Schmidt Shakespeare Lexicon 2 vols Lnd 1886; E. Abbot, Concordance to the Works of Alexander Pope. N. Y., 1965;
- : 6000 Words. A Supplement to Websters Third New International Dictionary Mass. Merriam, 1976; Berg P.S. A Dictionary of New Words in English.; Barnhart C.I. Dictionary of New English;
- ;
- ;
- : Patridge E.A. Dictionary of Abbreviations. Lnd. Constable; Allen E. Dictionary of Abbreviations and Symbols. Lnd.; Buttress F.A. World List of Abbreviations. 3rd ed. Lnd., Leonard Hill, 1966;
- : Carrol D. The Dictionary of Foreign Terms in the English Language NY Hawthorn, 1973;
- .
, . :
- , , , , : The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology;
- ;
- : Lewis N. Dictionary of Correct Spelling NY, 1962; Maxwell C.H. The Pergamon Oxford;
- : Jones D. An English Pronouncing Dictionary; Kenyon J.S. and Knoot T.A. Dictionaries;
- : English-Russian Synonymic Dictionary (under the supervision of A.I. Rosenman and academician Yu. Der. Apresiayn); Websters New Dictionary of Synonyms; Laird Ch. Websters New World Thesaurus. N.Y., New American Library, 1971; Soule R. A Dictionary of English Synonyms and Synonymous Expressions / Ed. by A.D. Sheffield. N.Y. Bantam Books;
- : .. . ., 1964;
- ;
- : Thorndike E.L., Lorge I. The Teachers Word Book of 30, 000 Words. NY, 1941;
- ;
- .
: -. , , . , , ,- .
( , ) :
;
: English-Russian Dictionary by A.V. Kunin;
: A Dictionary of Humorous Quotations/ ed. by Ned Sherrin. Oxford University Press, 1995; Instant Quotation Dictionary. New York: Laurel, 1990; Stevenson B. Book of Quotations, Classical and Modern. Lnd., Cassel (70.000); Bartlett J. Familiar Quotations. Lnd. Macmillan.; Cohen J. M. and M. J. Penguin Dictionary of Quotations; Concise Oxford Dictionary of Quotations; Tripp R.T. The International Thesaurus of Quotations. N.Y.
, , , , , , , , .. . (Roget P.M. Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases Classified and Arranged so as to facilitate the Expression of Ideas and Assist in Literary Composition. Lnd., 1852). , , , (, , ), , .
() , , .