to last for an hour
to wait for years
from to
from till
to work from morning to/till evening
where? ?
at 1) , ,
He stopped at the door. .
2) , , , , .. , - , -
Ill see him at university / at school/ at the lesson/ at work.
/ / / .
in , , ( , , .)
He is in his room. .
on ( -. )
a house on the hill
above , ( )
above the blackboard
before ( -., -.)
in front of ,
before / in front of the plant
behind , , ( -. )
behind the building () (-)
over ) , ( -. )
a flight over the sea
) , ( -. ) Syn: above
His hand was over his heart. .
) ( -.) Syn: across
a new bridge over a river
) , ( -.
over the river ,
under , ( )
under a tree
where? ?
to , , ( -. ; )
At the weekend Ill go to Perm. .
into (), ( ,
-.)
to come into the garden
from 1) , , ( , ?)
to go from Moscow
2) , , ( )
not far from the city ,
20 miles from London 20
out of ( , -; into)
He walked out of the house. .
(THE VERB)
, . , , . (Finite Forms) (Non-finite Forms).
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: , , , , , . , , .
We live in Russia. .
(Infinitive), (Gerund), (Participle). , , . .
4 .
Infinitive ( /?) | Past Simple ( /?) | Past Participle/ Participle II ( ?; / - ) | Present Participle/ Participle I ( ?; ?) |
V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 (Ving) |
to be () | was/were (/) | been | being |
to ask () | sked () | sked ( / ) | sking ( / ) |
to choose () | chose (/) | hosen ( / ) | choosing ( / ) |
, . , . . to.
II III () ().
I | II | III | IV |
to ask to write | ask ed * wrote | ask ed * written | asking writing |
* (Past Indefinite) II (Participle II) -ed (-d) .
I (Participle I) -ing ,
.
Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle | |
arise | arose | arisen | ; |
be | was; were | been | |
bear | bore | born; borne | |
beat | beat | beaten | |
become | became | become | |
begin | began | begun | |
bend | bent | bent; bended | ( ) |
bid | bid | bid; bidden | |
bind | bound | bound | |
bite | bit | bit; bitten | |
blow | blew | blown; blowed | |
break | broke | broken | () |
breed | bred | bred | |
bring | brought | brought | |
build | built | built | |
burn | burnt; burned | burnt; burned | ; |
buy | bought | bought | |
can | could | ; | |
catch | caught | caught | ,, |
choose | chose | chosen | |
cling | clung | clung | ; |
come | came | come | |
cost | cost | cost | |
cut | cut | cut | |
deal | dealt | dealt | |
dig | dug | dug | |
do | did | done | |
draw | drew | drawn | , |
dream | dreamt | dreamt | ; |
drink | drank | drunk | |
drive | drove | driven | ( etc.) |
eat | ate | eaten | ; |
fall | fell | fallen | |
feed | fed | fed | |
feel | felt | felt | |
fight | fought | fought | ; |
find | found | found | |
fit | fit | fit | |
flee | fled | fled | ; |
fling | flung | flung | |
fly | flew | flown | |
forbid | forbad; forbade | forbidden | |
forecast | forecast; forecasted | forecast; forecasted | |
foresee | foresaw | foreseen | |
foretell | foretold | foretold | |
forget | forgot | forgotten | |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | |
freeze | froze | frozen | |
get | got | got | |
give | gave | given | |
go | went | gone | |
grind | ground | ground | ; |
grow | grew | grown | |
hang | hung; hanged | hung; hanged | |
have | had | had | |
hear | heard | heard | |
hide | hid | hidden | () |
hit | hit | hit | ; |
hold | held | held | |
hurt | hurt | hurt | |
keep | kept | kept | ; |
know | knew | known | |
lay | laid | laid | ; |
lead | led | led | |
learn | learnt; learned | learnt; learned | |
leave | left | left | |
lend | lent | lent | |
let | let | let | |
lie | lay | lain | |
light | lit; lighted | lit; lighted | |
lose | lost | lost | |
make | made | made | ; |
may | might | ; | |
mean | meant | meant | |
meet | met | met | |
mistake | mistook | mistaken | |
misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood | |
outdo | outdid | outdone | |
overcome | overcame | overcome | |
overhear | overheard | overheard | () |
oversleep | overslept | overslept | () |
overtake | overtook | overtaken | |
pay | paid | paid | |
prove | proved | proved; proven | ; |
put | put | put | |
quit | quit; quitted | quit; quitted | ; ; |
read | read | read | |
rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | |
redo | redid | redone | |
remake | remade | remade | |
retake | retook | retaken | |
retell | retold | retold | |
rewrite | rewrote | rewritten | () |
rid | rid; ridded | rid; ridded | |
ride | rode | ridden | |
ring | rang | rung | |
rise | rose | risen | |
run | ran | run | ; |
saw | sawed | sawn; sawed | |
say | said | said | ; |
see | saw | seen | |
seek | sought | sought | |
sell | sold | sold | |
send | sent | sent | |
set | set | set | ; |
shake | shook | shaken | |
shave | shaved | shaved; shaven | () |
shear | sheared | shorn; sheared | ; |
shine | shone; shined | shone; shined | ; |
shoot | shot | shot | ; |
show | showed | shown; showed | |
shrink | shrank; shrunk | shrunk | ; ; |
shut | shut | shut | |
sing | sang | sung | |
sink | sank | sunk | ; ; |
sit | sat | sat | |
slay | slew | slain | |
sleep | slept | slept | |
slide | slid | slid | |
smell | smelt; smelled | smelt; smelled | ; |
smite | smote | smitten | ; |
speak | spoke | spoken | |
speed | sped; speeded | sped; speeded | ; |
spell | spelt; spelled | spell; spelled | |
spend | spent | spent | |
split | split | split | () |
spoil | spoilt; spoiled | spoilt; spoiled | |
spread | spread | spread | |
spring | sprang | sprung | ; |
stand | stood | stood | |
steal | stole | stolen | |
stick | stuck | stuck | ; |
strike | struck | struck | ; ; |
string | strung | strung | ; |
strive | strove | striven | |
swear | swore | sworn | (); |
sweep | swept | swept | ; |
swim | swam | swum | |
swing | swung | swung | |
take | took | taken | ; |
teach | taught | taught | |
tear | tore | torn | |
tell | told | told | ; |
think | thought | thought | |
throw | threw | thrown | |
undergo | underwent | undergone | ; |
underlie | underlay | underlain | |
understand | understood | understood | |
undertake | undertook | undertaken | |
undo | undid | undone | |
upset | upset | upset | () |
wake | woke; waked | woken; waked | ; |
wear | wore | worn | () |
weave | wove; weaved | woven; weaved | |
wed | wed; wedded | wed; wedded | |
weep | wept | wept | |
wet | wet; wetted | wet; wetted | ; |
win | won | won | |
withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | ; |
withhold | withheld | withheld | |
withstand | withstood | withstood | |
wring | wrung | wrung | ; |
write | wrote | written |
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to be
to be " // ". , . to be Present, Past, Future Indefinite :
|
I am ready. .
Forbidden fruit is sweet. .
Two heads are better than one. , .
1) ( , , ) to: to be, to go, to play. , , - . to .
2) you "" "" ( ) "" ( ), . you are.
/
( ) (), ( );
not
I + am = I'm am + not
he/she/it + is = he's/she's/it's is + not = isn't
we/you/they + are = we're/you're/they're are + not = aren't
. . .
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I am from London. = I 'm from London. .
We are from London = We 're from London. .
He/She is from London. = He/She 's from London. / .
I am not from London. = I 'm not from London. .
They are not from London = They aren't from London. .
It is not from London. = It isn't from London. .
to be What, Where, When, Who, How, Why is. to be .
When + is = When's When's her birthday?
What + is = What's What's your phone number?
Where + is = Where's Where's our teacher?
Who + is = Who's Who's there?
How + is = How's How's your mother?
Why + is = Why's Why's she late?
to be Present Past Indefinite .
Is he a student? Yes, he is. ? .
Where were you yesterday? ?
to be Present Past Indefinite ; not to be.
The university is not (isnt) far from the centre. .
to have
to have " ". , "", "".
I have everything I want. , .
I had everything I want. , .
I shall have everything I want. , .
to have Present, Past, Future Indefinite :
to have
Present Indefinite | Past Indefinite | Future Indefinite |
I we you have they he she has it | I we you they had he she it | I shall we have you they will he have she it |
I have a good English dictionary.
.
to have .
Did you have a lecture on philosophy yesterday? No, I didnt. (Past Indefinite)
. .
I did not have much work to do yesterday.
.
to have have got:
I have a good English dictionary. = I have got a good English dictionary.
Do you have an English dictionary? = Have you got an English dictionary?
I dont have an English dictionary. = I havent got an English dictionary.
8.5 there + to be
there + to be , , , () - , , .
There are several classifications of these phenomena.
() .
, , , .
There are many students in room 204. 204 .
There will be a lecture on physics tomorrow. .
be Present, Past, Future Indefinite :
there + to be
Present | Past | Future |
there is (..) there are (..) | there was (..) there were (..) | there will be |
be , .
There is a table and two chairs in the room. .
Present Past Indefinite there to be.
Are there many students in room 204? 204 ?
How many chairs were there in the room? ?
: Will there be any film today? - ?
there + be Present Past Indefinite no / not to be.
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There are no clouds in the sky. .
There arent many interesting articles in this magazine. .
: There will not (wont) be any film today? .
8.6 to HAVE
THERE + to BE
.
I have a computer
Who? What?
Have
()
() 1) What?
there+be
2) Where? When?
There is 1) a computer 2) in the room.
.
I had a computer. There was a computer in the room.
( .) ( .)
I will have a computer. There will be a computer in the room.
( .) ( .)
INDEFINITE
(SIMPLE TENSES)