(foreign exchange) , , , , . . ( ) , . |
(convertible currency) (hard currency) , . (inconvertible currency) (soft currency) , . |
.
(exchange rate). |
.
(exchange rate) - . |
. , . ( ) . . ( ) ( ). . |
1. (direct exchange rate), (direct quote), , . 2. (indirect exchange rate), (indirect quote), , . |
.
- - |
|
|
, . . ( ). . |
- () , . , (, , , ). () , . , ( ). , . . |
.
, . |
"". . . |
- ( . spot , ), , - , - . - , . , . - ( ) 40 % . (forward market) , , . , 30, 90 180 . |
.
- (swap transaction) - , , (" "). (currency future) - , . (currency option) - , ( ) . -. -, , . -, , . |
|
|
(arbitrage) - , . - - "" "". (), . , . . : (two-point arbitrage), (geographic arbitrage) . (three-point arbitrage) - . |
.