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Chemical Elements, Compounds

Unit 2

atom

atomic

molecule [ molekju:l]

molecular [molekju:la]

positive

proton [preito:n]

neutron [njutro:n]

electron [ele:ktro:n]

ion [aj(e)n]

metal

element

hydrogen

alkali ,

base

acid

alkali earth

transition

( )

amorphous

poor metal

( . ; . , , )

nonmetal

gas [gæs]

gaseous ['gæsɪəs ], ['gæʃəs ], ['geɪ-] ;

rare earth

Chemical element Definition
H Hydrogen composed of the Greek elements hydro- and -gen meaning 'water-forming'
He Helium the Greek helios, 'sun'
Li Lithium the Greek lithos, 'stone'
Be Beryllium beryl, a mineral
B Boron borax, a mineral [`bo:ron]
C Carbon the Latin carbo, 'charcoal'
N Nitrogen the Greek nitron and '-gen' meaning 'niter-forming' [`nΛitrәdj(ә)n]
O Oxygen from the Greek oxy-, both 'sharp' and 'acid', and -gen, meaning 'acid-forming' [`oksidjәn]
F Fluorine the Latin fluere, 'to flow'
Ne Neon the Greek neos, meaning 'new' ['ni:ɔn]
Na Sodium the English word soda (natrium in Latin) [`sәudjәm]
Mg Magnesium Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece [mag`ni:ziәm]
Al Aluminium from alumina, a compound (originally aluminum)
Si Silicon from the Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium) [`silikən]
P Phosphorus the Greek phoosphoros, 'carrying light' [`fosf(ə)rəs]
S Sulfur Latin sulphur, 'sulfur' [`sΛlfə]
Cl Chlorine the Greek chloros, 'greenish yellow'
Ar Argon the Greek argos, 'idle'
K Potassium New Latin potassa, 'potash' (kalium in Latin)
Ca Calcium the Latin calx, 'lime'
Sc Scandium Scandia, the Latin name for Scandinavia
Ti Titanium Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology [tΛi`teiniəm]
V Vanadium Vanadis, an old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja
Cr Chromium the Greek chroma, 'color'
Mn Manganese corrupted from magnesia negra, see Magnesium [`maηgəni:z]
Fe Iron English word (ferrum in Latin)
Co Cobalt the German word Kobold, 'goblin'
Ni Nickel from Swedish kopparnickel, containing the German word Nickel, 'goblin'
Cu Copper English word (Latin cuprum)
Zn Zinc the German Zink
Ga Gallium Gallia, the Latin name for France
Ge Germanium Germania, the Latin name for Germany
As Arsenic English word (Latin arsenicum) ['ɑːs(ə)nɪk]
Se Selenium the Greek selene, 'moon'
Br Bromine the Greek bromos, 'stench' [`brəumi:n]
Kr Krypton the Greek kryptos, 'hidden'
Rb Rubidium the Latin rubidus, 'deep red'
Sr Strontium Strontian, a small town in Scotland
Y Yttrium Ytterby, Sweden
Zr Zirconium German Zirkoon, 'jargoon ' [zə:`kəuniəm]
Nb Niobium Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology
Mo Molybdenum the Greek molybdos meaning 'lead'
Tc Technetium the Greek tekhnètos meaning 'artificial'
Ru Ruthenium Ruthenia, the New Latin name for Russia
Rh Rhodium the Greek rhodos, meaning 'rose coloured'
Pd Palladium the then recently discovered asteroid Pallas, considered a planet at the time
Ag Silver English word (argentum in Latin)[3]
Cd Cadmium the New Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos
In Indium indigo
Sn Tin English word (stannum in Latin)
Sb Antimony composed from the Greek anti, 'against', and monos, 'alone' (stibium in Latin)
Te Tellurium Latin tellus, 'earth'
I Iodine French iode (after the Greek ioeides, 'violet') [`Λiədi:n]
Xe Xenon the Greek xenos, 'strange'
Cs Caesium the Latin caesius, 'sky blue' [`si:ziəm]
Ba Barium the Greek barys, 'heavy' [`bε:riəm]
La Lanthanum the Greek lanthanein, 'to lie hidden' [`lanθənəm]
Ce Cerium the then recently discovered asteroid Ceres, considered a planet at the time
Pr Praseodymium the Greek praseios didymos meaning 'green twin'
Nd Neodymium the Greek neos didymos meaning 'new twin'
Pm Promethium Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans
Sm Samarium Samarskite, the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated
Eu Europium Europe
Gd Gadolinium Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist
Tb Terbium Ytterby, Sweden
Dy Dysprosium the Greek dysprositos, 'hard to get'
Ho Holmium Holmia, the New Latin name for Stockholm
Er Erbium Ytterby, Sweden
Tm Thulium Thule, the ancient name for Scandinavia
Yb Ytterbium Ytterby, Sweden
Lu Lutetium Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris
Hf Hafnium Hafnia, the New Latin name for Copenhagen
Ta Tantalum King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology
W Tungsten the Swedish tung sten, 'heavy stone' (W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite)
Re Rhenium Rhenus, the Latin name for the river Rhine
Os Osmium the Greek osmè, meaning 'smell'
Ir Iridium Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow
Pt Platinum the Spanish platina, meaning 'little silver'
Au Gold English word (aurum in Latin)
Hg Mercury the New Latin name mercurius, named after the Roman god (Hg from former name hydrargyrum, from Greek hydr-, 'water', and argyros, 'silver')
Tl Thallium the Greek thallos, 'green twig'
Pb Lead English word (plumbum in Latin) [led]
Bi Bismuth German word, now obsolete [`bizməθ]
Po Polonium Polonia, the New Latin name for Poland
At Astatine the Greek astatos, 'unstable'
Rn Radon From radium, as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay
Fr Francium Francia, the New Latin name for France
Ra Radium the Latin radius, 'ray'
Ac Actinium the Greek aktis, 'ray'
Th Thorium Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder
Pa Protactinium the Greek protos, 'first', and actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium
U Uranium Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System [ju`reiniəm]
Np Neptunium Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System [nεp`tju:niəm]
Pu Plutonium Pluto, a dwarf planet in the Solar System [plu:`təuniəm]
Am Americium The Americas, as the element was first synthesized on the continent, by analogy with europium
Cm Curium Pierre Curie, a physicist, and Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist, named after great scientists by analogy with gadolinium
Bk Berkelium Berkeley, California, where the element was first synthesized, by analogy with terbium
Cf Californium California, where the element was first synthesized
Es Einsteinium Albert Einstein, physicist
Fm Fermium Enrico Fermi, physicist
Md Mendelevium Dmitri Mendeleev, chemist and inventor
No Nobelium Alfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer
Lr Lawrencium Ernest O. Lawrence, physicist
Rf Rutherfordium Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist
Db Dubnium Dubna, Russia
Sg Seaborgium Glenn T. Seaborg, scientist
Bh Bohrium Niels Bohr, physicist
Hs Hassium Hesse, Germany, where the element was first synthesized
Mt Meitnerium Lise Meitner, physicist
Ds Darmstadtium Darmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesized
Rg Roentgenium Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist
Cn Copernicium Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer

Acids
HCl hydrochloric acid
HF hydrofluoric acid
2S hydrosulphuric acid [,haidrou sΛl`fju:rik]
HI hydroiodic acid [,haidrou i`odik]
NO3 azotic acid
nitric acid
2CO3 carbonic acid
2SO4 sulphuric acid [sΛl`fju:rik]
3PO4 orthophosphoric acid  
phosphoric acid
OH- hydroxide
hydrate
F- fluoride
I- iodide ['aɪəudaɪd]
Cl- chloride
ClO- hypochlorite
ClO2- chlorite [`klo:rait]
ClO3- chlorate [`klo:reit]
S2- sulphide
SO32- sulfite [`sΛlfait]
SO42- sulfate [`sΛlfeit]
N3- nitride [`naitraid]
NO2- nitrite
NO3- nitrate
CO3- carbonate
PO33- phosphate
P2O74- pyrophosphate [`pairә`fasfeit]
O2- oxide
O22- peroxide
CrO42- chromate
Cr2O72- dichromate
NH3 ammonia [ə'məunɪə]

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