- n | - n | 2n | |||
l | |||||
s | 1s | ||||
2 | s p | 2s 2p | 3 4 | 2 8 | |
3 | s p d | 3s 3p 3d | 3 9 | 6 18 | |
4 | s p d f | 4s 4p 4d 4f | 3 16 | 6 32 |
ml (n, l = const) + l l, . s- (n = const, l = 0) ml = 0, , s- ( ) s-.
p- (n> 1, l = 1) ml +1, 0, -1, , p- ( ) p-.
d- (n> 2, l = 2) ml +2, +1, 0, -1, -2 , , d- ( ) d- .
, f- (n> 3, l = 3) m +3, +2, +1, 0, -1, -2, -3 f- f- .
, n, l m l.
n = const l, l = const ml.
, , , , . , , n, l ml, , s, .
, n, l, m s.
, ( ): .
, , , , . :
1 s 2 s 2 p 3 s 3 p 4 s 3 d 4 p 5 s - ..
, . (1927 .).
: , , , .
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, .. .
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, ( ), ; . ( ) . , , 3 d- , Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn ., , . ; , . . .