III
. | , . | , | ||||
[]2s221 | 0,083 | 8,3 | 2,0 | +3 | ||
l | [N]3s21 | 0,143 | 6,0 | 1,5 | +3 | |
G | [r]3d104s241 | 0,122 | 6,0 | 1,6 | + 1, +3 | |
In | [r]4d105s251 | 0,163 | 5,8 | 1,7 | + 1, +3 | |
l | []4f145d106s261 | 0,170 | 6,1 | 1,8 | + 1, +3 |
. , ( ) . . , In l .
III
, | ρ, /3 | t, C | t, C | |
5,83 | 2,34 | |||
l | 3,38 | 2,70 | ||
G | 2,87 | 5,91 | 29,8 | |
In | 2,52 | 7,30 | ||
l | 1,89 | 11,85 |
, 1 (l ).
lGInl R()3. 33 , l()3 G()3 , In()3 l()3 . lO .
: , -, , , .
(3- ; 8% ). ; (l23), (l23 x2). , , , .
0,001%. Na2B4O7.102.
, : 19,9% 80,1%.
;
1. AlCl3:
2AlCl3 = 2Al + 3Cl2
2. - Al2O3 () 3NaF AlF3:
2Al2O3 = 4AI + 3O2
3. :
AlCl3 + = Al + 3KCl
.
- , - . , , .
. - . -, . ( ) . ; , , .
|
|
.
l23, . , :
2l + 62 = 2l()3 + 2↑.
, :
2l + 3/2O2 = l23 + 1676 .
. , l23, :
r23 + 2l = 2r + l23 + 539 .
, , ( ). , (> 700) 23:
2 + 2 = 223,
. (> 1200) , ( ):
2B + N2 = 2BN.
, (400 600 ); al3 , :
2 + 3l2 = 2l3.
() H3BO3:
l3 + 32 = 33 + l.
, , . (200 ), (800 ), (500 ) (2000 ):
2l + 3S = l2S3 ( ),
2l + N2 = 2lN ( ),
l + = l ( ),
4l + 3 = l43 ( ).
, , , , .
:
2l + 6l = 2ll3 + 2↑.
. :
2l + 62S4() = l2(S4)3 + 3S2 + 62,
l + 6NO3() = l(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 32.
:
2l + 32S4 = l2(S4)3 + 32.
(II):
l + 4HN3 = l(N3)3 + NO + 22.
:
2l + 2N + 62 = 2Na[l()4] + 32↑.
, , HNO3 :
+ HNO3() + 2 = 3O3 + NO↑
+3. , , , .
- B2O3 - , , :
|
|
B2O3 + 3H2O = 2H3BO3
H3BO3 - , , -:
H3BO3 + H2O H+ + [B(OH)4]-; = 9,0
, , :
- H2O - H2O
H3BO3 ¾ HBO2 ¾ B2O3
- :
4H3BO3 + 2NaOH = Na2B4O7 + 7H2O
, s-. Na2B4O7. , . , , . ( ):
Na2B4O7 + H2SO4 + 5H2O = 4H3BO3 + Na2SO4
:
CaO + B2O3 = Ca(BO2)2
.
Al2O3 - , . :
4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3
2Al (OH) 3→ Al2O3 + 3H2O.
. , :
Al2O3 + 6HCl = 2AlCl3 + 3H2O.
, . :
Al2O3 + 2KOH + 3H2O = 2K [Al (OH) 4].
, , :
Al2O3 + 2KOH→2KAlO2 + H2O.
() . , , . - . . - . , .
Al (OH) 3 - . , :
AlCl3 + 3OH = Al (OH) 3 ↓+ 3Cl.
.
, :
Al (OH) 3 + 3HCl →AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al (OH) 3 + NaOH → Na [Al (OH) 4].
:
Al (OH) 3 + NaOH→ NaAlO2 + 2H2O.
. , .
. - Ba(BO2)2
Al3+
1. :
13+ + 3 →1()3↓ ()
2. - - .
- - - .
2 A12(SO4)3 + 2 Co(NO3)2 tT-> 2 (12)2 + 4 NO2 + 6 SO3 + O2.
, 10 -5 %. (0,34 ), (0,30 ), (0,26 ), , (0,22 ), , (0,21 ). . , , , .
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. , , , .
(10 -5 %) . , , , , , , , .
47 . , , .
.
, - , . , .
( 10?610?5%). .
. 1 + .
1 .