d = d + 2t = 30 + 23,5 = 37 ,
t = 3,5 34 [. 10]. , d = 35 .
d = d + 3 r = 35 + 3 2 = 41 ,
r = 2 34 [. 10].
: ℓ = 1,5d = 1,5 30 = 45 ; ℓ = 2,0 d = 2,0 35= 70 .
= + 3 ,
L .
4.3: L = ω + 0,5 d 2 + 0,5 d 1 = 190 + 0,5340+0,5∙100 = 410 .
, = + 3 ≈ 7,4+3=10,4 . = 11 .
, , d = 35 ( 333-79) 7207. 40 [. 10] : d = 35 ; D = 72 ; = 18,25 ; = 17 ; =15; r = 38,5 ; 0 = 26 ; = 0,37; Υ =1,62; Υ0 = 0,89.
.
4.4
ℓ1 ≈2
ℓ1 ≈ ℓ +ℓ + ℓ1 + +2= 45 + 70 + 273 + 18,25+2 = 406 + 2 = 408 .
.
4.7.2
, , , . 2 ℓ d, ℓ d, () d, d . z2, d, - .
4.7.2.1 .
4.5.
: 2 = 954,2 ·;
2 = 71 .
. 4.5
4.7.2.2
:
d = = = 62,02 .
1 [. 10] d = 63 ,
2 - ·.
d:
d = d + 2t = 63 + 2 · 4,6 = 72,2 , d , 5, .. d = 75 ,
t = 4,6 34 [. 10].
d:
d = d + 3 r = 75 + 3 · 3,5 = 85,5 ,
r = 3,5 34 [. 10].
d = d + 3 f = 85,5 + 3 · 2 = 91,5 ,
|
|
d = d = 85,5 ;
35 ,
f = 2 34 [. 10].
ℓ = 1,5 d = 1,5 · 63 = 94,5 .
ℓ = 1,2 d = 1,2 · 75 = 90 .
ℓ -, ℓ = (0,81,5) d ℓ = 1,2 d = 1,2 · 85,5 = 102,6 . ℓ = 103 .
, (.4.3), 4.7.1.2 = 11 .
d = 75 7215 :
d = 75 ; = 130 ; = 27,25 ; = 16 ; = 22 ; r = 107 ;
0 = 84 ; = 0,39; Y = 1,55; Y0 = 0,85.
ℓ2 = 2 + 2 + = 71+ 2·11+27,25 = 120,25 - , .
:
ℓ2 = ℓ + ℓ + ℓ2 + 3 = 94,5 + 90 + 120,25 + 3 = 307,75 .
ℓ2 = 308 ,
.
4.2.
4.2
1 | ||
, | d | |
() , | d | |
, | d | |
, | ℓ | |
, | ℓ | |
, | ||
, | ℓ1 | |
: | ||
, | D | |
, | d | |
, | 18,25 | |
, | r | 38,5 |
2 | ||
, | d | |
, | d | |
, | d | 85,5 |
, | d | 91,5 |
, | ℓ | 94,5 |
, | ℓ | |
, | ℓ2 | |
: | ||
, | D | |
, | d | |
, | 27,25 | |
, | r |
4.7.3
, , . , : , , .
.
. 4.6 , . 4.7 1:2 .
|
|
4.8
( ) .
4.8.1 .
. 4.8.
Ft2, F2 F a2 . Ft2 2 (1) = 2Ft/d2, Ft2, F a2 F2 RAY; RAX; RBY; RBX. 2 (2). , ℓ1 ℓ2 ½ℓ 2 = 60,12 ,
ℓ3 = ℓ2 ℓ2 = 308 120,25 = 187,75 .
. 4.8
:
Ft2 = 6361,3 ; F2 = 2315,5 ; F a2 = 1767 ; 1= 2 = 954,2 ͷ;
ℓ2 = 120,25 ; ℓ2 = 308 , d2 = 300 ;
ℓ1 = ℓ2 = 60,12 ; ℓ3 = 187,75 ; d = 85,5 .
4.8.2
YOZ RA, RBy, Fr2 F a 2 .
.
1) = 0, RB ( ℓ1 +ℓ2 ) Fa2 d2 Fr2 · ℓ1 = 0,
RB = = 3361,8 .
2) =0, Fr2· ℓ2 RA(ℓ1 + ℓ2) Fa2 d2 = 0,
RA = = -1046,5 .
, RA , .
3)
= 0; Σ F = -RA + RB Fr2 = -1046,5 + 3361,8 2315,5 ≈ 0.
: RA= -1046,5 ; RB = 3361,8 .
Z RA, RB Ft2:
1) = 0, R (ℓ1+ℓ2) - Ft2 ℓ1 = 0.
R = = 3180,65 .
2) = 0, Ft2 ℓ2 RA (ℓ1 + ℓ2) = 0.
RA = = 3180,65 .
3)
= 0, ΣF = RA Ft2 + R = 3180,65 6361,3·+3180,65 ≈ 0.
:
RA = R = 3180,65 .
, .
:
RA = = 3348,4 ;
R = = 4628 .
4.8.3
, z:
1- : 0 ≤ z ≤ℓ1; (1) = RAz; (1) = RAz;
z = 0: (1) = 0; (1) = 0; M(1)z = 0;
z = ℓ1= 60,12 : (1) = -1046,50,06012= - 62,9 ;
M(1) = 3180,65 0,06012 = 191,23 ; M(1)z = 0;
2- : ℓ1 ≤ z ≤ (ℓ1+ℓ2);
M(2)x = RA z + F a2 d2 Fr2 (z-ℓ1);
z = ℓ1 = 60,12 ; M(2)x = - 1046,50,06012 + 1767 0,3-2315,50 = 202,15 ;
z = ℓ1+ℓ2 = 120,25 ; M(2)x = -1046,5 0,12+1767 0,32315,50,6012 = 0 ;
M(2) = RAz - Ft2 (z ℓ1);
z=ℓ1=60,12; M(2) = 3180,650,06012-6361,30= 191,23 ;
|
|
z=ℓ1+ℓ2=120,25; M(2) = 3180,650,12 6361,30,06012= 0 ;
M(2)z = 2= 954,2 ;
3-: (ℓ1 +ℓ2) ≤ z ≤ (ℓ1 + ℓ2 + ℓ3);
M(3)x = RA z + F a2 d2 - Fr2 (z ℓ1) + RB (z ℓ1 ℓ2);
z = ℓ1+ℓ2 = 120,25 ;
M(3)x = - 1046,5 0,12 +1767 0,3 - 2315,5 0,06012 +3361,80 = 0;
z = ℓ1+ℓ2+ ℓ3= 308 ;
M(3)x = -1046,5 0,308 +1767 0,3 - 2315,50,25 + 3361,8 0,187 = 0;
M(3) = RAz - Ft2 (z ℓ1) + RB(z ℓ1 ℓ2);
z = ℓ1+ℓ2 = 120,25 ;
M(3) = 3180,65 0,12 - 6361,30,06012+3180,650 = 0;
z = ℓ1+ℓ2+ ℓ3=308 ;
M(3) = 3180,65 0,308 6361,3 0,25 + 3180,65 0,187 = 0;
M(3)z = T2 = 954,2 .
, , . (z), (z), z(z) 4.3
4.3
1- | 2- | 3- | ||||
60,12 | 60,12 | 120,25 | 120,255 | 308 | ||
, ͷ | - 62,9 | 202,12 | ||||
, ͷ | 191,23 | 191,23 | ||||
Z, ͷ | 954,2 | 954,2 | 954,2 | 954,2 |
(z), (z) z(z) 4.9.
| |||
. 4.9 (z), (z), z(z)
. , , , = 202,15 ͷ; = 191,23 ͷ; z = 954,2 ͷ
4.8.4 .
45, 40, 44 [. 10].
45 d ≤ 120 ; = 240;
σ = 800 /2; σ = 550 /2; τ = 300 /2; σ-1 = 350 /2;
τ-1 = 210 /2.
, 1 , : 40, , ; d ≤ 120 ; = 270; σ = 900 /2;
σ = 750 /2; τ = 450 /2; σ-1 =410 /2; τ-1 = 240 /2.
S ≥ [S],
S ;
[S] = 1,31,6 .
:
S = ,
= 2,5 ;
σ = /W - ;
= - ;
W = - ,
dK = 85,5 ;
= - .
, :
u = ͷ;
= ͷ;
W = 3; σ = /2;
S = .
, S = 13,6 > [S] = 1,31,6.
5 ר
.
, , , , .
|
|
n < 10 /. () n ≥ 10 /.
5.1
5.1.1 .
, (. 5.1).
:
RAx = 573 , RAy = 208,5 H, RBx = 573 H, RBy = 208,5H.
, , RA = R,
Rr = R = RB = ;
208 d = 40 , = 80 , = 18 , r = 32 , 0 = 17,8 ;
n2 = 150 /;
, , , ;
t = 30 000 .
. 5.1
, - ; .
5.1.2
r = R , (5.1)
r , ;
[r] () , ;
n2 , /;
Lh () , , ;
23 , , ( 23 = 0,70,8);
RE - .
F a = 0 R
RE = VXRrKσ, (5.2)
V (V = 1 );
( R a = F a = 0, =1 41[.10]);
σ ( 42 [.10], σ = 1,4);
( 43 [.10], t0 ≤ 1000 = 1).
:
RE = 1,0 1,0 610 1,4 1,0 = 854 ;
r = 854 ≈ 6 .
r = 6 [ r] = 32 , .
Lh. = 23 = 0,75 = 4384247 , 30000 .
5.2
5.2.1 .
5.2.
. 5.2
:
RA = RB = ;
Fa;
n = n2;
, , , ;
t .
( 40 [. 10]):
d , ;
D , ;
- , ;
[r] () , ;
[0] () , ;
Y ;
.
, ; .
.
5.2.2
Rs F a, ..
RS = 0,83 e RA(B); (5.3)
R a = Rs + F a. (5.4)
, , , , ..
|
|
R a ≥ RS.
:
RE = (V·X·R() + Y·R a) · Kσ · KT, (5.5)
V (V = 1 V = 1,2 );
( F a /VFr > < 41 [. 10], Fr = RA(B), F a = R a;
σ , 42 [. 10], (σ = 1,3 1,5);
43 [. 10], 1000 = 1,0;
() :
r = RE , (5.6)
23 = 0,60,7 , ;
m ≈ 3,33 , m = 3.
()
r < [ r].
()
Lh = a 23 . (5,7)
:
Lh ≥ Lh r < [ r].