1. Special trade tariffs can (to impose) on a few major commodities to raise profits, but not to protect trade.
2. (To aim) to have a favourable trade balance, any country is interested in (to export) more goods than (to import).
3. Creditors' rights should (to protect) from possible unexpected losses by (to sign) a special agreement before (to make) the loan.
4. Consumers already (to approve) of the convenience of (to buy) expensive goods (cars, TV sets) on credit terms.
5. The activity of a public corporation is known annually (to inspect) by independent auditors.
6. A person who personally (to interest) in high company's incomes is called a shareholder.
7. Managerial expenses should (to reduced) in order to spend more money on innovations.
8. According to the sales data the previous year (not to be) successful for the company's business.
9. The insurance company must be ready to approve of (to compensate) the
losses of its customers in accordance with the contract.
10. Such services as (to sell) consumer goods, theatre and air tickets (to become) a successful branch of the Internet development.
11. Customers (to have) the right to ask for a quality certificate for any good offered.
12. If a new commodity (to introduce), preliminary calculations of the expenses for its production are (to do).
13. (To design) the Internet site, the company is sure to promote the advertising of its goods.
14. A set of concepts and principles (to deal with) the main assumptions that should (to consider) by an accountant.
15. In bookkeeping, accounts receivable usually (to convert) into cash within one year and can (to use) as a means of payment.
16. The government has adopted laws (to prevent) monopolies from total control of a particular branch of industry.
17. Provided employees (to disclose) private company information, they would (to sack) immediately.
18. Due to the adverse situation on the Stock Exchange the national currency exchange rate (to be) rather low now.
19. The number of small businesses (to provide) such services as shoe mending or car repairing is rather high in most countries.
20. Secure intraworks (to allow) partners to connect each other easily at any time.
21. During the economic crises consumers' expenditures usually (to decrease) and it greatly (to affect) the business activity and supply decisions of all market sellers.
22. The quantity (to demand) by all consumers at a particular market is the total quantity of a good that they want and (to be able to) buy.
23. The theory of consumer choice (to base) on individual utility.
24. In a (to mix) economy the role of the government (to restrict) by a number of laws.
25. The theory of marginal utility (to work out) by Alfred Marshall.
26. OPEC decisions are of great importance for the oil (to export) countries as well as for most European countries (to import) oil.
27. The main assumption of the supply and demand theory is (to maintain) constant level of utility.
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28. A lot of factors are (to study) in agricultural production, especially climate.
29. Oil output (to reduce) by OPEC for the period of six months.
30. The purpose of government regulations (to be) to allocate scarce resources rationally.
31. Direct producers (to supply) goods regularly to the market (not to impose) too high prices.
32. Companies (to produce) substitute goods are interested in their high quality.
33. Increases in the quantity of one good have to (to follow) by reductions
in the quantity of the other good.
34. In a free market economy commodities (to supply) can greatly differ in their quality.
35. Mass production is characteristic of industries where the product (to supply) is highly standardized.
36. The amount of goods a particular consumer can buy (to depend) on the income he (to earn).
37. When economists say there is excess demand they really want to say the quantity (to demand) exceeds the quantity (to supply) at this price.
38. (To study) the theory of consumer choice that (to base) on several assumptions, economists often start with the problem of consumer tastes.
39. In a (to plan) economy the government offices make all the main economic decisions which companies, factories and workers have to realize in practice.
40. The utility (to decrease) as the quantity (to consume) grows.
41. Ceiling prices (to impose) on farm machines can stimulate the development of agricultural production.
42. The increase in the goods consumption always (to limit) by the budget constraints.
43. In a (to mix) economy restrictions imposed are to be in the interests of society.
44. Developing countries which are against tariffs imposed (to limit) their exports to European countries.
45. The government (to offer) a programme of economic development that (to discuss) by the Parliament.
46. Part of the company's profits is (to put back) into business development.
47. In command economy the aim of the government (to be) to control production and solve other economic problems.
48. Improvements in technology are of great importance in (to improve) quality of goods (to supply).
49. Opportunity cost is known as the amount (to lose) by (not to use) labour or capital in their best alternative use.
50. Company managers are to calculate future costs and profit before (to start) (to produce) a new commodity.
BUSINESS VOCABULARY
A
abolition, n - ,
acceleration, n - , ; productivity acceleration -
account (for smth), v - -.
account, n - , capital account - , ;
accountability, n - , ,
acquisition, n - , (),
adequacy, n - , ; capital adequacy , ( )
adherence, n - (, ); adherence to international standards -
adjust, v - , , , , ,
adjusted, adj - , ; adjusted for seasonal variations = seasonally adjusted - ; adjusted for taxation -
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advance, n - , , ; technological advances -
adviser, n - , ; economic adviser - ,
advocate, v - , , ,
agency, n - , ; government-sponsored agencies - , , ,
allocate, v - , , , , , , ()
allocation, n - (, ), (), , , , ; the allocation of inputs -
application, n - , , , , , ( . .)
assess, v - ; to assess risks -
asset backing, n -
asset-backed, -
assets, n, pl - , , , , , ; productive assets - ; risk assets -
assume, v - ,
attribute (smth to smth), v - -. -. (., );
to attribute one's success to... - -
avert, v -
back office, n - "-": , , , ,
back, v - , , ,
bail out, v - ,
balloon, v - , (, ..)
bank, n - ; post office savings bank (POSB) - - ; investment bank - ; commercial bank -
bargain, n - , , ,
bargaining, n - , ; wage bargaining -
benchmark, n - , , ; to establish benchmark in the euro -
benefit, n - , , , , , , , , ; to enjoy benefits - , ; to draw unemployment benefit - ; to enjoy benefits not available to any truly private firm - , ; social benefits - ; unemployment benefit -
bet, n - , ; to place bets -
bidding, n - , ( ),
blueprint, n - , ,
board, n - , , ; executive board - , , , (); currency board - ()
bond - , ; government bond - ; domestic bond - ; to diversify away from domestic government bond markets - ; Treasury bonds - / ; high-yield bond -
boom, n - , ; b - ; investment boom - ; to fuel the boom -
borrower, n -
boundary, n - ; to recognize territorial boundaries
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broaden, v - ; to broaden demand -
broker, n - ; prime broker -
bubble, n - , " ", , , ; inflationary bubble -
calamity, n - ,
calculate, v - , , , , , calculation, n , , , , ,
calibration, n - , ,
call (for), n - , , ; the occasion calls for quick action -
capital, n - ; human capital - ; physical capital - , , , ; venture capital - ,
case for - ; the case against -
cause, v - , , , , ,
caution (against smth), v - -.
cede, v - , ,
ceiling, n - , , , ; lending ceiling -
census, n - ; census data -
challenge, v - ,
chancellor, n - ; Chancellor of the Exchequer - ,
change, n - , , (), ( ), ; to reflect changes in the composition of output -
charge, n - , , , , , pl , ; interest charge - ; interest charges on capital - ; Internet-access charge - ; capital charges - charge, n - , , ,
circulation, n - , , ,
cite, v - , ; to cite precedent (law) - ( )
clearing, n - , , ; clearing of securities - ; securities clearing -
cluster, n - , ; to form clusters - ; a cluster of capital -
code, n - , , , , ; Commercial Code -
collapse, n - , ; collapse of confidence -
collaterize, v - , (, )
commerce, n - , ; cross-border commerce -
committee, n - ; to set up a committee -
commission, n - , , , , , , ; buying commission -
communication, n - , , , , ; long-distance communication - , ,
community, n - , , ,
company, n - , , , ; non-union company - , ; to start a company -
compete, v - , ; to compete against other companies -
competition, n - , ; to promote competition - , ; price competition - ; tax competition -
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competitiveness, n - ; to maintain competitiveness - complaint, n ; to fight off complaints - ,
complement, v - ,
composition, n - , ; composition of capital spending -
concentrate (on), v - -.
concept, n - , , ; a crackpot concept -
conditions, n, pl - , , , ; competitive conditions -
confidence, n - , ; consumer confidence - , ; to underpin confidence - ,
consecutive, adj - ,
consensual, adj - (.),
consequence, n - , , ; to explore the consequences - ,
constituency, n - ,
constraint, n - ,
consumption, n - , , ; a squeeze on consumption - /
contagion, n . - , , . .,
contest, v - , , ,
contraction, n - , , ; contraction of credit - ; contraction of a loan -
control, n - , , , ,
convergence, n - , ,
converge, v - ( , ), ,
convertibility, n - , (, )
co-operation, n - , ,
(with), v - -.
corporation, n - , , (.)
correlate, v - , , -.
cost, n - , , ; overall cost - ; borrowing cost - ; absolute cost - ; competitive cost -
costs, n, pl - , , ; labour costs - , ; costs of production - , ; transport costs - ; competitive costs -
counsellor, n - , ,
course, n - , , ; to set smb/sth on the right course - -. ,
creation, n - ; creation of jobs -
credibility, n - , () ; credibility gap 1) , 2) , ; to undermine the ECB's credibility -
credit, n - ; emergency credit -
credit-line, n -
creditworthy, adj -
crisis, n - ; economic crisis -
critic, n - ; trenchant critic -
crude, n - , , , ; crude thoughts - ; crude facts -
crumble, v - ,
culture, n - , entrepreneurial culture -
currency, n - ; the single currency - ; domestic currency -
curve, n - ;, ; a bell-curve -
cut, n - , , ; interest-rates cut - ; tax cuts - ; pay cut -
cut, v - , ,
cycle, n - ; regional cycle - ; economic cycle -
D
damage, v - , ,
dampen, v - ,
database, n -
date, n - , ; target date - , , ,
deadline, n - ( ); to meet the deadline - ()
dealing, n - , pi , pi ; cross-dealings between firms -
dearth, n - , , ; a dearth of investment -
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debacle, n - , ,
debt, n - , , ; combined debt - ; public-sector debt - ; tradable debt - ; bad debts -
decision, n - ; to make interest-rate decisions - ; investment decision -
decline, n - , , , , ,
deepening, n - ; capital deepening - , ""
default, v - , ; to default on the debts -
deficit, n - ; budget deficit - ; trade deficit - ; current payments deficit -
deflation, n - ; price deflation -
delegate, v - , ,
delta, n - "", ,
delta-hedging, n - ""-, ""
demand, n - ; domestic demand - ; a shortfall in demand -
deny, v - , ,
depositor, n - , ; bank depositors -
depreciation, n - ,
deregulation, n - , , ; the deregulation of retailing -
derivatives, n pl - , , , (.),
determine, v ,
devaluation, n -
develop, v - , (, )
development, n - , , , , , , pl
differ, v - ,
differential, n - , , (., )
directive, n - , ; management directive -
disclosure, n - , ,
discussion, n - , ; to hold discussions -
disinvestment, n -
disposal, n - , -., ,
distort, v - ,
distress, n - , , ; market distress -
divergence, , , ,
diverge, v - ( ..); , , , , ( )
diversify, v , , (.) ; to diversify overseas -
doom, n - , , ,
double, v - ,
downturn, n - , ; market downturn - ; economic downturn - ; downturn in prices -
downwards, adv - , , ,
draft, drafter, n - , ,
draw (up), v - (),
drive (away), v -
driver, n -
drop, n - , ,
duty, n - , ; customs duty -
duty, n - , , , , ; to discharge one's duties -
e-business, n -
economics, n - ,
economist, n -
economy, n - ; service economy - , ; manufacturing economy - , ; the just-in-time economy - , " -"; a regulated market economy - ; to slow the economy - , ; transitional economy - ,
education, n - , tertiary education -
effect, n - , , , ; the dampening effect on economic growth - ...; the adverse effect - ; to have marked effects on industries - ; the knock-on effect - , , , ; to take effect - ; country-specific effects - , ; firm-specific effect - ,
eliminate, v - , ,
emergency, n - ,
emphasise, n - , ,
employee, n - , ,
employment, n - ( ), , , , ,
encourage, v - , ,
endowment, n - , , ; endowment of labour and capital -
enforcement,
ensure, v - , ,
entity, n - , , ,
entrench, v - , ; to entrench the rights of minority shareholders -
environment, n - , ; business environment - , ; regulatory environment - - , -
equipment, n -
equity, n - , , , , ; quoted equities - ,
erupt, v - ( , ),
establishment, n - , , , , ,
estimate, n - , , , ; productivity estimates -
euro, n - , to join the euro -
evaluation, n - ; the evaluation team -
eventuality, n - , ,
evidence, n - , , , ,
exemption, n - , , , ; exemption from taxes -
expectation, n - ; inflated expectations - ,
experience, n -
expertise, n - , , ; core areas of expertise -
exponent, n - (), (); exponents of the theory -
export, n - , ,
exports, n,pl - , ; zero-rated exports -
exposure, n - , , ; cross-border exposures - ; interbank exposures - ; credit exposure - ,
externalities, economic externalities, , pl - ; externalities in production -
F
factor, n - , , , , ,
failure, n - ,
fall, n - , , ; fall in inflation -
favour, n - , , , ,
feasible, adj - ,
fee, n - , , , , , ,
figure, n - , , , , , ; inflation figures -
firm, n - ; an established firm - ; unionized firm - , -
fix, v - , , , , (, , ); to fix a currency - ,
flawed, adj - ; flawed system of financial supervision -
flee, v - , ,
flexible, adj -
float, v - ( ), , (, ), ( )
floatation, "",
flood, v - ,
fluctuate, v - ,
fluctuation, n - ,
focus (on), v - ( ..) -.
follow, v - -. -., , ; to follow suit -
force, v - , ; to be forced to float the currency - ""
force, n - ; , ; to remain in force -
forecast, n -
forefront, n - ,
foster, v - , , ; to foster venture-capital industries -
fund, n - , , ; pension fund - ; to raise funds - ; hedge fund - , ,
futures, , l , ; index futures - ; commodity futures -
G
gain, n - , , , , , pl , , , , ; productivity gain(s) -
gap, n - , , , ; output gap - ; tax gap - ; to bridge the gap -
get (off), v - , , (, . .); to get off scot-free - , (.) -.
gilt, n -
globalisation, n -
gloomy, adj - , , ,
goal, n - , ; economic goals -
goings-on, n, pl , ,
goods, n, pl - , , , ; consumer goods - ; to deliver goods - ,
grapevine, n - " ", ( ), , ,
gross domestic product (GDP) n - (); actual GDP - growth
grouped, adj -
growth, n - ; economic growth - ; monetary growth -
guarantee, n - ; implicit/explicit government guarantees - / ; money-back guarantee -
H
habit, n - , , ; saving habits -
hammer, v - (.) ,
handle, v - , , ; to handle crisis -
harmonisation, n - ; tax harmonisation -
harness, v - ,
highlight, v - , ,
holder, n - , , ; policy-holder -
homogenious, adj -
host, v - ,
hostile, adj ; to be hostile to innovation - '
house, n - , , , ; securities house - ; clearing house
hustle and bustle - ,
I
identity, - , ; group identity -
imbalance, - , ; financial and economic imbalances -
impact, - , ; to have a big impact on growth in spending -
impediment, - , , ; impediment to export -
implement, v - ,
imply, v - ; ;
impose, v - ; ; ; to impose capital controls -
improve, v - ,
incentive, - , , ; tax incentives -
inch, v - , ;
income, - , , ; ; capital income -
inconclusive, adj - , , , ; inconclusive reasoning - () ; inconclusive vote - , ; inconclusive efforts - ()
increase, - , , , ; increase in productivity -
increase, v - , ,
index (pi indices), - , ; share and bond index - ; consumer-price index - ; consumer-confidence index - ; the major indices - ; share index -
industry, - , , ; venture-capital industry - ; a cottage industry - ; manufacturing industry - ; basic industry 1) , 2) ; building industry -
infant, adj - , ; ;
inflation, - ; core inflation - ; to keep inflation under control - ; producer-price inflation - ; consumer price inflation -
infrastructure, - ; telecoms infrastructure -
infringe, v - , ; to infringe laws -
innovative, adj - ,
input, - , , ; ;
insider, -
institution, - , , ,
instrument, - , ; precision instrument - ; the policy instruments -
insurance, - , ; ; portfolio insurance -
insure, v - , , , ; to insure workers against a fall in income -
insurer, -
integration, - , ; economic integration -
intensity, - , ; capital intensity -
intervention, - , ; foreign-exchange intervention - ; sterilised/unsterilised foreign-exchange intervention - /
interview, - ; to give on-the-record interviews - ,
inventory, - ( , , , ; ; -
investment, - , , ; , ; ; capital investment - , , ; inward investment - , ; excessive investments - ; physical investment - ; inward investment - , ; business investment - ; excessive investment - ; gross investment(s) - ; liquid investments -
investor, - , ; outside investor -
invigoration, - , , ,
issuance, - , , ; bond issuance -
J
job, - , ,
job lay-off, - -
jump, v - ; ( )
keep (out of), v - -.; (., )
L
lag, - ,
lag behind, v -
landing, - (), , , soft landing ; bumpy landing
launch, v - , , ; to launch bonds
law, - ; common law ; ; ; Roman law
lay (down), v - , , (), ; to lay down some basic principles -
leap, v - (.) ,
legislation, -
lender, - ,
lending, - ; prime-based lending - "-"; "predatory lending" - "" ; excessive lending -
lending, - , , ; bank lending -
level, - ; record level -
leverage, - , ,
leveraged, adj - "", -
liability, - , , , , , , (.)
line, - , , , a pro-euro line - ,
liquidity, -
list, -
listed, adj - , , ; to be listed on the stock exchange -
litigious, adj - ,
live (off), v -.
loan, - , , ; mortgage loan - ; to make a loan -
lockup, - , . .;
long-term, adj -
loose, adj - ; , , , ; loose monetary policy - -
loss, - , , , , ; () ; pre-tax loss - ; job loss -
M
mainland, - ; mainland Europe
maintain, v - , , ,
management, - , , ; economic management - : risk management - : ; asset-management - , , , ; Long-Term Capital Management -
manager, - , , , , , ; risk manager -
margin, - , , , ; profit margin -
market, - ; liquid market - ; bond market - ; foreign exchange market - ; international bond market - ; debt market - ; financial market - - , ; ; housing market - ; derivatives market - ; labour market - ; overseas market - ; emerging markets - , ; , , , ; stock market - ; equity market - , ; product market - ; global equity market - ; derivative market - ; capital market - ,
measure, - , , , , , ; emergency measures -
measurement, - ; ; risk measurement -
medium-term, adj -
membership, -
merger, - , ; a cross-border merger -
method, - ; crude methods -
minutes, pl - (, ); to release summary minutes -
mirror, v - -.
misalignment, -
mix, - , ; ; monetary and fiscal mix - - -
mobility, - , ; labour mobility -
moderation, - , , ; pay moderation -
monitor, v - ,
monopoly, - , , ,
monthly, adv -
morale, - ,
mortgage, - , , ; residential mortgage - ; "jumbo" mortgage - : , , ()
movement, - , ,
mover, - , , (, . .)
multinational, adj - ,
multinational, - ,
N
negotiate, v - , -.
nominal, adj - ; in nominal terms note, n- , , : to issue notes
offering = public offering, n- (); initial public offering (IPO) - ,
office, n- , , , , , ; to take office -
offset, v - ,
opportunity, n - , ; job opportunity - ; investment opportunity -
option, n - , , , ; share options -
order, n - ; to place an order -
organisation, n - ; cross-frontier organization -
outcome, n - ,
outpace, v - ,
output, n - , , , , , ; patterns of output - ; manufacturing output - ; the composition of output -
outsider, n -
outsourcing, n - ( , , )
outweigh, v - ,
overall, adj - , ,
overdue, adj -
overheads, n pl
overinvestment, n -
overlap, v - ,
oversee, v - , ,
overstate, v - ;
overvalued, adj - ,
own, v - ,
, n - ; ; at a slow -
package, n - , ; ; budget package - ; rescue package - ( )
parity, n - , , , at parity - ,
partnership, n - , , ; limited partnership - ; commercial partnership - ; industrial partnership - ; new partnership - ; small close-knit partnerships -
pay off, v - ; to pay off by the bucketful -
pay off, n - , , ;
peg, n - (, ), , , ; currency peg -
peg, v - ""
performance, n - ; , ; ; , ; economic performance - ; a stock's performance -
phase, n - , , , ; boom phase - , (., )
pile up, v -
place, n - ; place of business -
plan, n - , ; investment plan -
planning, n - ; tax planning -
playground, n -
plunge, n -
policy, n - , ; low-inflation macroeconomic policies - , ; monetary-policy - , - ; to tighten monetary policy - - ; fiscal policy - ; macroeconomic policies - ; micro-policy - ; exchange-rate policy -
policymaker, n -
pose, v - , , (, ); to pose problems -
poverty, n - ;
power, n - , , , , , , ; purchasing power - ; monopoly power -
practice, n - , , , , , ,
precision, n - ; forecast precision -
pressure, n - , , ,
prevent, v - ,
price, n - ; consumer prices ; house prices - ; the final price - ; to set a price - ; competitors' prices - ; to match competitors' prices - ; import price - ; to cut import prices - ; to be exposed to changes in price - ; asset price - ; share price -
pricing, n - , ; market pricing -
problem, n - , ; to pick up problems -
proceeds, n pl - ; the proceeds of the bond issues - ,
process, n - , , , ; production process -
processing, n - , ,
produce, v - , , (, ); to produce returns -
productivity, n - ; to boost productivity - ; to reduce productivity
profit, n - , ; ( pl) , ; to squeeze profits - ; short-term profits - " "; overseas profits - ,
promote, v - , ,
prop (up), v - , ,
property, n - , ; intellectual property - ; real property - " ", , . ,
prophecy, n - ,
prospect, n - ( pl) , , ,
protection, n - , , ; employment protection - ; investor protection -
provider, n -
provision, n - , (, )
prudent, adj - ; to act prudently -
pruning, n - ,
public, n - ,
put (forward), v - (, )
Q
qualms, n pl - , , ; ,
quarter, n - ,
question, n - ; to call sth in (into) question -. , -.
quid pro quo (.) ,
quit, v - (.) , (, ); to quit a job
R
range from...to, v ...
range, n - , , , , , , , , ; to expand one's range of activities -
ranking, n - , ,
rate, n - , , , , , , , , , , ; exchange-rate - , , ; interest rate - ; short-term interest rate - ; entry rate into the euro - ; pay rates - ; zero short-term interest rate - ; base rate - ; tax rate - ; rate of unemployment - ; income-tax rates - ; prime rate - "-" (), ;
rating, n - , ; public ratings ; public credit rating -
ratio, n - , , , ; capital ratio - ; return ratio -
rationale, n - , , -.
reach, v - ; to reach a decision - ,
readjustment, n - ,
reason, n - ; immediate reason -
reasonable, adj - , , , ,
rebound, n - , , ( ..)
recession, n - , , ; deep recession - "" , ; mild recession - "" ,
reciprocity, n -
recommendation, n - ; to apply recommendations -
record, v - , ,
record, n - , , ; voting record -
recruit, v - ,
recruiter, n - . -
recruitment, n -
reduce, v - , ;
reduction, n - , ; dramatic reduction -
refinement, n - ,
reform, n - ; economic reform -
regime, n - ; "crawling-band" regime - "" ; regulatory regime - region, ;
sub-region, n -
regulation, n - , , ; , , , ; labour regulations -
regulator, n - , (, )
reinsure, v - ; to reinsure the risks with an insurance company -
reject, v - (),
relaxation, n - , ; monetary relaxation - -
reliable, adj -
relinquish, v , ; (.) ( )
remedy, n - ( -.)
remit, n - , , , ,
repercussion, n - , ,
report, v - , ,
require, v - , -.; to require disclosure of corporate information -
requirement, n - , , , ; capital requirements - , ; the Minimum Funding Requirement -
rescue, n - , ; to come to the rescue -
reserve, n - , , ; foreign-exchange reserves - ,
resign, v -
resist, v - , , ,
resource, n - , , , ,
responsibility, n - , .
restriction, n - ; restrictions in social security -
restrictive, adj -
restructuring, n - ; to press on with restructuring -
retailer, n - , ; e-retailer -
retailing, n -
return, n - , , , ; to yield a return - ; return on equity - ; return on capital - ; return on investment - ; stock return -
reveal, v - , , ,
revenue, n - ; to generate revenues - , pl
reversal, n - , 180 , ,
revise, v - , , ,
revive, v - , , ; to revive the economy -
rigidity, n - , , ; wage rigidity -
risk, n - ; concentrated risk - ( ); to take risks - ; exchange-rate risk - ; market risk - , , ; operational risk - ; to run risks - ; to bear a risk - ; unhedgeable risks -
risk-averse, adj -
role, n - , to play a key role in smth - /
rule out v - , to rule out early entry - (., )
rule, n - , ; pl , ; to apply rules -
S
sale n - , ; , ,
saving, n - , , pl ; high domestic savings - ; personal savings - ; post-office savings - ,
score, v - ,
score, n - ; total score -
scot-free, adj - , ,
scrap, v - ( ),
secure, v - , , ,
securities, n, pl - ; euro-denominated securities - , ; to step up the purchase of euro-denominated securities - , ; mortgage-backed securities - , ; fixed-income securities -
security, n - , , , , , ; ; social security - ; to serve national-security goals -
sell-off, n -
serve, v - , to serve as smth - -, -.
set (out), v - ; , to set out a plan -
set, v - , , ; to set pay - ; to set one's own monetary policy - - ; to set a fixed ratio of capital to risk assets - ; to set a clear inflation target -
set aside, v - (), ()
setback, n - , , ,
