To be likely, to be certain, to be unlikely, to be sure

e.g. They are certain to come. – Они, бесспорно, придут.

He is likely to telephone. – Похоже, что он позвонит.

Ex. 2.1 Translate into Russian. Underline Objective Infinitive Constructions.

1. I want you to listen to me and I expect you to understand me. 2. If you don't want anyone to know your business, keep your mouth shut. 3. What made you decide to enter that competition? 4. They wanted her to relax and sent the children to her aunt's. 5. Everybody knows him to be a responsible man. 6. Sunglasses always make you look mysterious. 7. The desire for success makes Martin work hard. It doesn't let him rest a minute. 8. Let me take you to the Milky Way on your holiday! 9. It takes two months to make a dream come true. 10. Don't let them fool you! 11. The boss expects you to finish the report by Monday. Would you like me to help you? 12.I don't let my children watch TV shows that are violent. Some of them will make your hair stand on end. 13. I saw you dance, and I'll never be the same again! 14. We saw Megan cross the street and enter the supermarket. 15. I have never heard anyone speak badly of him. 16. Angela felt her heart stop beating. 17. With great interest the detective watched people come in and go out of the house in the middle of the night.

Ex. 2.2 Transform the following sentences using Objective Infinitive Constructions.

Model: I expect that she will send me a letter.

I expect her to send me a letter.

1. I would like to see how he will say it to my face. 2. I expect that you will join our excursion. 3. We had not expected that she would reply, but she did. 4. We knew that he was a clever man. 5. I don't like that you repeat this nonsense. 6.Ihate when people speak so cynically. 7. We expect that everybody will be ready by seven. 8. They showed themselves even more narrow-minded than we had expected they would be. 9. I felt that somebody touched me lightly on the shoulder. 10.He heard that someone called his name. 11. We did not expect that he would return so soon. 12. Isaw that the telegraph boy handed the cable to the man. 13. They heard how the woman uttered a little exclamation. 14. He hated when people argued about trifles.

Ex. 2.3 Translate into Russian. Underline Subjective Infinitive Constructions.

1. She is said to be a very kind woman. 2. He is considered to have finished his scientific research. 3. What are they supposed to be doing? 4. Children were supposed to have stayed in the country-house. 5. She is believed to have been instructed about everything. 6. The new invention is considered to be applied in some days. 7. They aren't supposed to take part in this conference. 8. The young specialist proved to be a good doctor. 9. My mother seems to be cooking a new kind of soup. 10. She appeared to have been ill for two days. 11. They didn't seem to be rich. 12. The front gate didn't happen to be open. 13. The old woman seems to be in a good health. 14. She is likely to get upset if you ask about it. 15. Their work is certain to take a long time. 16. Jane is not sure to obtain information from the article. 17. This question is certain to be discussed. 18. The results of your examination are likely to be known in a day. 19. We were not likely to finish our research before the end of the month.

Ex. 2.4 Transform the following sentences using Subjective Infinitive Constructions.

Model: We heard that a car stopped outside the door. – A car was heard to stop outside the door.

It is believed that the poem was written by Byron. – The poem is believed to have been written by Byron.

1. People consider the climate there to be very healthful. 2. It was announced that the Chinese dancers were arriving next week. 3. It is expected that the performance will be a success. 4. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young. 5. It is believed that the poem was written by an unknown soldier. 6. It is supposed that the playwright is working at a new comedy. 7. It is reported that the flood has caused much damage to the crops. 8. It was supposed that the crops would be rich that year. 9. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver. 10. Scientists consider thatelectricity exists throughout space. 11. It is said that the weather in Europe was exceedingly hot last summer. 12. It was reported that five ships were missing after the battle.

Ex. 2.5 Translate into Russian. Underline Subjective and Objective Infinitive Constructions.

1. We expect everybody to join us and to have fun. 2. You can't make me do such things. 3. His parents were not expected to come so early. 4. We heard the postman come up to the front door and then we saw him slip a thick envelope into the box. 5. My work is considered to be finished in some hours. 6. My friends are believed to be on their way to my place. 7. Do you know the ship is reported to call in the port tomorrow? 8. The neighbour saw a stranger enter the house through the back door. 9. We don't want anyone to interfere. 10. He noticed her suddenly turn pale. 11. Isn't he considered to be one of the best surgeons? 12. These plants are known to grow in subtropics. 13. She was heard to have left for France. 14. Tracey had never expected Alan to betray her. 15. The documents are reported to have been received. 16. I think this painting to be a masterpiece. 17. Let him rest till he feels better. 18. They are said to have been travelling for a long time. 19. These reforms are thought to be difficult to carry out. 20. We suppose her to be in her late fifties.

Ex. 2.6 Transform the sentences according to the model.

Model: They saw him do it. – He was seen to do it.

1. Everybody heard her say that. 2. The neighbours noticed the burglar get into the house. 3.The detective saw the fellow leave the bar. 4. The teacher made the pupil tell the truth. 5. Tom's parents allowed him to keep a dog. 6. People expect the performance to be a success. 7. Nobody ever heard him tell a lie. 8. We know her to be a real professional. 9. We consider the situation hopeless. 10. Many people heard him promise a lot. 11.Somebody noticed her enter the night club. 12. They let him choose his way of life.

Ex. 2.7 Translate into Russian paying attention to the Infinitive Constructions.

1. She felt her hands tremble. 2. Nobody noticed him come in and sit down. 3. Many books are known to be published in our country every year. 4. His invention is considered to be of great importance. 5. She is not likely to change her opinion. 6. Thenew rocket is reported to go into operation next year. 7. Clyde seemed to have been thinking of no one else but Sondra since their last meeting. 8. I don't want my papers to be looked through. 9. I felt Nick put his hand on my shoulder 10. We saw them jump with parachutes. 11. The sun is known to represent a mass of compressed gases. 12. I heard the door of the entrance hall open and close softly. 13. For a long time the atom was thought to be indivisible. 14. He was said to be one of the most promising nuclear physicists. 15. Clyde was expected to arrive at the weekend. 16. She heard somebody walk up to her door. 17. Money just doesn't happen to interest me. 18. I heard him tell the teacher about it. 19. She appeared to be an excellent actress. 20. You appear to have found in him something that I have missed. 21. This work seems to take much time. 22. His office turned out to be in one of the back streets. 23. He is sure to tell me all about this even if I don't ask him. 24. They are sure to acknowledge your talent. 25. They all gathered on the hill to watch the sun rise. 26. This new course of treatment is sure to help your grandmother. 27. Would you like your luggage to be carried upstairs.

Ex. 2.8 Put the infinitives in brackets into the correct form. Translate the sentences.

1.They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear angry voices from behind the door. 2. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 3. The only sound (to hear) was the snoring оf grandfather in the bedroom. 4. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it during the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) between the sofa and the wall. 5. They seemed (to wait) for ages. 6. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 7. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about. 8. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 9. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 10. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 11. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 12. The enemy army was reported (to overthrow) the defence lines and (to advance) towards the suburbs of the city. 13. The woman pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 14. You seem (to look) for trouble. 15. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow.

Ex. 2.9 Translate the sentences into English using Objective Infinitive Constructions.

1. Я хочу, чтобы все это прочитали. 2. Мне хотелось бы, чтобы доктор посмотрел его. 3. Я не заметил, как он положил письмо на стол. 4. Я почувствовал, как он коснулся моей руки. 5. Вам бы хотелось, чтобы я рассказал вам эту историю? 6. Мы видели, как она переплыла реку. 7. Я знаю, что твоя сестра – очень способная студентка. 8. Я не ожидал, что это случится так скоро. 9. Мы рассчитываем, что вы нам поможете. 10. Я рассчитываю, что письмо придёт завтра. 11. Яне ожидал, что он напишет такие прекрасные стихи. 12. Я ненавижу, когда ты забываешь свои обязанности. 13. Бабушка любит, когда Лена играет на рояле. 14. Он терпеть не мог, когда мы ломали игрушки. 15. Она не любит, когда я с ней спорю. 16. Он терпеть не может, когда я опаздываю. 17. Пожалуйста, не заставляйте меня пить молоко. 18. Собака заставила кошку взобраться на дерево. 19. Учитель заставил её переписать упражнение. 20. Дождь заставил нас вернуться домой. 21. Я хочу, чтобы эту статью напечатали в завтрашней газете. 22. Вы хотите, чтобы эту картину повесили над камином?

Ex. 2.10 Translate the sentences into English using Subjective Infinitive Constructions.

I. Вы, кажется, устали. 2. Условия работы оказались более трудными, чем предполагалось. 3. Вы случайно не знаете этого человека? 4. Новые автобусы оказались очень удобными. 5. Из трех сестер Бронте Шарлотта считалась наиболее талантливой. 6. Как известно, английская писательница Войнич жила в течение нескольких лет в Петербурге и изучала русскую литературу. 7. Ваш приятель, кажется, очень интересуется древней историей. 8. Известно, что римляне построили на Британских островах хорошие дороги. 9. Вальтер Скотт считается создателем исторического романа. 10. Сообщают, что экспедиция достигла места назначения. 11. Яслучайно знаю номер его телефона. 12. Он оказался хорошим спортсменом. 13. Я случайно встретил его в Москве. 14. Говорят, что здание было построено в 17 веке. 15. Предполагают, что заседание закончится в десять часов. 16. Рочестер случайно встретил Джейн по дороге домой. 17. Говорят, что он работает над своим изобретением уже несколько лет. 18. Говорят, что эта статья переведена на все языки мира. 19. Вы, кажется, много читали до поступления в университет. 20. Возможно, что их забрали именно в эту больницу. 21. Видели, как он зашёл в свой кабинет. 22. Считают, что его коллекцию картин продали по низкой цене.

Ex. 2.11 Translate the sentences into English using Subjective and Objective Infinitive Constructions.

1. Никто не хотел, чтобы они пришли сюда в такое позднее время. 2. Ты любишь, когда твоя бабушка приезжает к тебе? 3. Ученики не считают это задание трудным. 4.Оказалось, что мы уже когда-то встречались. 5. Полагают, что эта поэма была написана в 8 веке. 6. Он, кажется, пишет новую статью сейчас. 7. Мы ожидали, что вам помогут. 8. Ничто не сможет заставить нас изменить наши планы. 9. Я не почувствовал, как кто-то украл мой кошелек. 10. Книга, которую вы мне дали, оказалась очень скучной. 11. Говорят, что его исследования известны во всем мире. 12. Думали, что встреча состоится в мае. 13. Никто не видел, как он упал и сломал руку. 14. Она не хотела, чтобы её ребёнка отвозили в больницу. 15. Известно, что это здание разрушили во время войны. 16. Это растение долго считали ядовитым. 17. Я не хочу, чтобы мои бумаги просматривали. 18. Известно, что эта экспедиция проводит раскопки уже долгое время. 19. Полиция не думает, что он совершил преступление. 20. Похоже, что он автор этого письма. 21. Безусловно, родители уже ждут меня. 22. Возможно, он уже вернулся с прогулки. 23. Я не могу заставить вас верить моим обещаниям. 24. Кто хочет, чтобы его обманывали?. 25. Мы бы хотели, чтобы эти бумаги подписали до нашего отъезда. 26. Я заметила, как он передал тебе записку.

Ex. 3.1 Underline the for-to-Infinitive Construction. Translate into Russian.

1. There was no home for him to go to. (I. Shaw) 2. He waited for me to sit down. (Hemingway) 3. It seemed almost a shame for anyone to be as pretty as she was tonight. (Snow) 4. And it is not for you to make terms. It is for you to accept them. (Wilde) 5. There's nothing for us to do but amuse ourselves. (Maugham) 6. He cordially extended one forefinger for Erik to shake. 7. Some trouble with the authorities had made it necessary for him to be much abroad. (Maughtam) 8. There were plenty of papers for him to read, but he left them alone. (Priestley) 9. It is impossible for me to write about that time in detail – I can't bear it. (Hansford Johnson) 10. He opened the door of his room for her to go out. (Murdoch) 11. Buttonwood Street, where he spent the first ten years of his life, was a lovely place for a boy to live. (Dreiser) 12. It was really warm for May, and still light enough for him to see his cows in the meadow beyond the river. (Galsworthy) 13. My house is always ready for anyone to come into. 14. My dear, this isn't the time for us to quarrel. (Hansford Johnson) 15. Erik saw that she was impatient for him to be gone. (Wilson) 16. He waited for Bert to say something.

Ex. 3.2 Translate into English, using the for-to-Infinitive Construction where possible.

1. Первое, что мы должны сделать – это заказать билеты. 2. Вопрос был слишком неожиданным, чтобы я мог на него ответить. 3. Я подчеркнула эти предложения, чтобы вы проанализировали их. 4. Он попросил принести бумагу и перо. 5. Этот текст достаточно легкий, чтобы вы могли прочитать его без словаря. 6. Мне очень хочется, чтобы вы поступили в университет. 7. Ему ничего не оставалось делать, как немедленно выехать в Москву. 8. Было бы неразумно, если бы он сейчас уехал из Ленинграда. 9. Самое лучшее, что вы можете сделать, – это поехать в санаторий. 10. Каждый вечер мистер Пеготти ставил свечу на подоконник, чтобы маленькая Эмили знала, что он ее ждет. 11. Давид купил поваренную книгу (cookery book), чтобы Дора пользовалась ею. 12. Дора сказала, что первое, что она должна сделать, – это дать Джипу хороший ужин. 13. Мисс Бетси и Давид сели завтракать, с нетерпением ожидая, когда придёт мистер Микобер. 14. Мистер Микобер попросил, чтобы принесли бумаги и конторские книги.

The Participle