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But a day or two later the doctor was not feeling at all well. He had an internal malady that troubled him now and then, but he was used to it and disinclined to talk about it. When he had one of his attacks he only wanted to be left alone. His cabin was small and stuffy, so he settled himself on a long chair on deck and lay with his eyes closed. Miss Reid was walking up and down to get the half hour's exercise she took morning and evening. He thought that if he pretended to be asleep she would not disturb him. But when she had passed him half a dozen times she stopped in front of him and stood quite still. Though, he kept his eyes closed he knew that she was looking at him.

(S. Maugham. Winter Cruise.)

. 8 . . , . , , ,

221


because; -. , but he was used to it and disinclined to talk about it , . , , that is why.

, . . , . , , , , . He thought that... , - .

, , - , - , .

, , . , . , , , . "National Prejudice":

The English seem as silent as the Japanese, yet vainer than the inhabitants of Siam. Upon ray arrival I attributed that reserve to modesty, which I now find has its origin in pride.

, , .

222


. , . . . , , , . , , . , , , , - :

History can only take things in the gross;

But could we know them in detail, perchance

In balancing the profit and the loss,

War's merit it by no means might enhance,

To waste so much gold for a little dross,

As hath been done, mere conquest to advance.

The drying up a single tear has more

Of honest fame, than shedding seas of gore.

(Byron. Don Juan, VIII, St. III)

, , .

. , , . , "The Mask of Anarchy", : "What is Freedom" : "Then it is to feel revenge", 10 .

, , , , . , , . -

223


. , (. ). . , , . , , .

:

After dinner they sat about and smoked. George took his chair over to the open window and looked down on the lights and movement of Piccadilly. The noise of the traffic was lulled by the height to a long continuous rumble. The placards of the evening papers along the railings beside the Ritz were sensational and bellicose. The party dropped the subject of a possible great war; after deciding that there wouldn't be one, there couldn't. George, who had great faith in Mr Bobbe's political acumen, glanced through his last article, and took great comfort from the fact that Bobbe said there wasn't going to be a war. It was all a scare, a stock market ramp... At that moment three or four people came in, more or less together, though they were in separate parties. One of them was a youngish man in immaculate evening dress. As he shook hands with his host, George heard him say rather excitedly.

"Death of a Hero" , . , . , . , , , . , , , After dinner :... and bellicose. , , , , The party dropped ... a stock-market ramp At that moment... ... rather excitedly.

224


- . : - , , , , , , - .

, , . , - , , , , , .

. "The Cloud":

I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers,

From the seas and the streams;

I bear light shade for the leaves when laid

In their noonday dreams.

From my wings are shaken the dews that waken

The sweet buds every one,

When rocked to rest on their mother's breast,

As she dances about the sun.

I wield the flail of the lashing hail,

And whiten the green plains under,

And then again I dissolve it in rain,

And laugh as I pass in thunder.

. , , . , .

(. ). -

15 323 225


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226


, , . , , . . , .

, , , .

, , . , , , . , , , (topical sentence) , , , , .

, , . (topical sentence), . . , , . , , . , , . .

, , -

227


, (essay1). . . : . , , , . . , , , , . . :

While Goldsmith was writing the Deserted Village and She Stoops to Conquer, he was employed in works of a very different kind, works from which he derived little reputation but much profit. He compiled for the use of schools a History of Rome, by which he made £ 300; a History of England, by which he made 600; a History of Greece, for which he received £ 250; a Natural History, for which the booksellers covenanted to pay him 800 guineas. These works he produced without any elaborate research, by merely selecting, abridging and translating into his own clear, pure, and flowing language what he found in bocks well known to the world, but too bulky or too dry for boys and girls. He committed some strange blunders; for he knew nothing with accuracy. Thus in his "History of England" he tells us that Nasehy is in Yorkshire; nor did he correct this mistake when the book was reprinted. He was nearly hoaxed into putting into the History of Greece an account of a battle between Alexander the Great and Montezuma. In his Animated Nature he relates, with faith and with perfect gravity, all the most absurd lies which he could find in book of travels about gigantic Patagonians, monkeys that preach sermons, nightingales that repeat long conversations. "If he can tell a horse from a cow", said Johnson, "that is the extent of his knowledge of zoology." How little Goldsmith was qualified to write about the physical sciences is sufficiently proved by two anecdotes. He on one occasion denied that the sun is longer in the northern than in the southern sings. It was vain to cite the authority of Maupertuis, "Maupertuis!" he cried, "I understand those matters better than Maupertuis." On another occasion he, in defiance of the evidence of his own senses maintained obstinately, and even angrily, that he chewed his dinner by moving his upper jaw.

Yet, ignorant as Goldsmith was, few writers have done more to make the first steps in the laborious road to knowledge easy and pleasant.... (M a u l e y. Oliver Goldsmith.)

Cm. . 409 .

228


, , . ... yet ignorant as Goldsmith was... , . , , . while Goldsmith was writing "The Deserted Village" and "She Stoops to Conquer", , , , , .

. , , , , . , , , -, , , , . , , , . . , .

- . . . . , ... . , , . , , , .1

1 . . , 2-, , 1930, . III.


. . , , . , , .

. . , () ().

, , : , , . .

, , . , , ... , , , , . . .1

, , , , , , . , , () -

1 . . . , 1905. C. 144.

230


. , , : , , . , , .

, : . , , :

Hudibras is justly considered the best burlesque poem in the English language. For drollery and wit it cannot be surpassed. Written in the short tetrometre line, to which Scott has given so martial a ring, its queer couplets are readily understood and easily remembered none the less for the extraordinary rhymes which now and then startle us into a laugh. What can we expect but broad satiric fun in a poem in which we find a canto beginning thus:

"There was an ancient sage philosopher.

That had read Alexander Ross over."

The Adventures of Don Quixote no doubt suggested the idea of this work. Sir Hudibras, a Presbyterian Knight, and his clerk, Squire Ralpho, sally forth to seek adventures and redress grievances, much as did the chivalrous Knight of La Mancha and his trusty Sancho Panza. Nine cantos are filled with the squabbles, loves, and woes of master, and man, whose Puritan manners and opinions are represented in a most ludicrous light.

. , . , . . "An Outcast of the Islands":

The sea, perhaps because of its saltness, roughens the outside, but keeps sweet the kernel of its servants' soul The old sea; the sea of many years ago, whose servants were devoted slaves and went from youth to age or to a sudden grave without needing to open the book of life, because they could look at eternity reflected on the element that gave the life and dealt the death. Like a beautiful and unscrupulous woman, the sea of the past was glorious in its smiles, irresistible in its anger, capricious, enticing, illogical, irresponsible; a thing to love, a thing to fear It cast a spell, it gave joy, it lulled gently into boundless faith; then with quick and causeless anger it killed. But its cruelty was re-

231


deemed by the charm of its inscrutable mystery, by the immensity of its promise, by the supreme witchery of its possible favour. Strong men with childlike hearts were faithful to it, were content to live by its grace die by its will. That was the sea before the time when the French mind set the Egyptian muscle in motion and produced a dismal but profitable ditch Then a great pall of smoke sent out by countless steamboats was spread over the restless mirror of the Infinite. The hand of the engineer tore down the veil of the terrible beauty in order that greedy and faithless landlubbers might pocket dividends. The mystery was destroyed. Like all mysteries, it lived only in the hearts of its worshippers. The hearts changed; the men changed. The once loving and devoted servants went out armed with fire and iron, and conquering the fear of their own hearts became a calculating crowd of cold and exacting masters. The sea of the past was an incomparably beautiful mistress, with inscrutable face, with cruel and promising eyes. The sea of to-day is a used up drudge, wrinkled and defaced by the churned-up wakes of brutal propellers, robbed of the enslaving charm of its vastness, stripped of its beauty, of its mystery and of its promise.

Then a great pall of smoke... , .

, .

( ). . :

In conjunction with a perfect stomach that could digest anything, he possessed knowledge of the various foods that were at the same time nutritious and cheap. Pea-soup was a common article in his diet, as well as potatoes and beans, the latter large and brown and cooked in Mexican style. Rice, cooked as American housewives never cook it and can never learn to cook it, appeared on Martin's table at least once a day. Dried fruits were less expensive than fresh, and he had usually a pot of them, cooked and ready at hand, for they took the place of butter on his bread. Occasionally he graced his table with a piece of round steak, or with a soup-bone. Coffee, without cream or milk, he had twice a day, in the evening substituting tea, but both coffee and tea were excellently cooked. (J. Lndn. Martin Eden.)

. "A Christmas Carol" , . 237.

232


- . . . , , - .

, . - ( ) (, ).

, , , . , . , :

"It is the mob that labour in your fields and serve in your houses, that man your navy and recruit your army, that have enabled you to defy all the world..." (Byron.)

, . . . :

"The seeds ye sow another reaps, The robes ye weave another wears, The arms ye forge another bears."

(P. B. Shelley.)

(another ).

.

233


, (, . .).

. - . , , (., , another ).

. , , . .

()

, , (). : , . , : , , , , : , , , . : "Down dropt the breeze, the sails dropt down." (Coleridge.)

. . : down . , . :

"As high as we have mounted in delight In our dejection do we sink as low."

(Wordsworth.)

234


. , , , : :

"The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker and the chief mourner. Scrooge signed it... (Dickens)

, .

, . and. :

His light grey gloves were still on his hands, and on his lips his smile sardonic, but were the feelings in his heart?

: light grey gloves smile sardonic ; were... on his hands on his lips (was) his smile sardonic. .

. .

( ) - , , ( ), , , ( ), ( ), . Your son is very ill seriously ill desperately ill. , very, seriously, desperately, -


. , - , . :

The orator drew a grim picture of the Republican Party, vague in its ideas, unsettled in its policy and torn by internal strife.

. , , , , . , , unsettled in its policy , vague in its ideas, torn by internal strife , . : . .

, .

, ( ) ( ) , . , "Threaten him, imprison him, torture him, kill him; you will not induce him to betray his country" , : imprison , threaten; torture , imprison; , , kill .

. (. ... very ill).

: Little by little, bit by bit, and day by day, and year by year the baron got the worst of some disputed question. (Dickens.) , , , , .

236


. . , . , "A Christmas Carol" , , .

"Marley was dead, to begin with. There is no doubt whatever about that. The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker, and the chief mourner. Scrooge signed it and Scrooge's name was good upon 'Change, for anything he chose to put his hand to. Old Marley was as dead as a door-nail."

, , . . , , whatever. . , , .

, . , , , , . , , . , Scrooge signed, , , . , : . Scrooge , , , . , , , and. as

237


dead as a door-nail, . , , , .

. , , , , , . :

"Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gladsome looks "My dear Scrooge, how are you? When will you come to see me?" No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle, no children asked him what it was o'clock, no man or woman ever once in all his life inquired the way to such and such a place, of Scrooge. Even the blind men's dogs appeared to know him; and when they saw him coming on, would tug their owners into doorways and up courts; and then would wag their tails as though they said, "No eye at all is better than an evil eye, dark master!"

, . : "How are you? When will you come to see me?, , .

: , ; , : ", ?"; , , , , . . , , , .

. .

238


( retarder , ) , . , , , . ., . , , ().

, , "If", . . 7 , 8- , , , , . . , , . :

IF

If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you, If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too;

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or being lied about, don't deal in lies, Or being hated, don't give way to hating, And yet don't look too good nor talk too wise:

If you can dream and not make dreams your master; If you can think and not make thoughts your aim; If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster And treat those two impostors just the same;

If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken, And stoop and build'em up with worn-out tools;

239


If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss. And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a word about your loss;

If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew. To serve your turn long after they are gone, And so hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: "Hold on!"

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, Or walk with Kings nor lose the common touch, If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you, If all men count with you, but none too much;

If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds' worth of distance run, Yours in the Earth and everything that's in it, And which is more you'll be a Man, my son!

. :

"But suppose it passed; suppose one of these men, as I have seen them, meagre with famine, sullen with despair, careless of a life which your Lordships are perhaps about to value at something less than the price of a stocking-frame: suppose this man surrounded by the children for whom he is unable to procure bread at the hazard of his existence, about to be torn for ever from a family which he lately supported in peaceful industry, and which it is not his fault that he can no longer so support; suppose this man, and there are ten thousand such from whom you may select your victims, dragged into court, to be tried for this new offence, by this new law; still, there are two things wanting to convict and condemn him: and these are, in my opinion, twelve butchers for a jury, and a Jeffreys for a judge!"

(G. G. Byron. Speech during the Debate on the Frame-Work Bill in the House of Lords, February 27, 1812).

( ), suppose this man. : .

. , , .

240


. , . , , , .

, , , "The Bryde of Abydos" :

Know ye the land where the cypress and myrtle

Are emblems of deeds that are done in their clime? Where the rage of the vulture, the love of the turtle, Now melt into sorrow, now madden to crime? Know ye the land of the cedar and vine. Where the flowers ever blossom, the beams ever shine; Where the light wings of Zephyr, oppressed with perfume, Wax faint o'er the gardens of Gúl in her bloom; Where the citron and olive are fairest of fruit, And the voice of the nightingale never is mute; Where the tints of the earth, and the hues of the sky, In colour though varied, in beauty may vie, And the purple of Ocean is deepest in dye; Where the virgins are soft as the roses they twine, And all, save the spirit of man, is divine 'Tis the clime of the East 'tis the land of the Sun

, , , . , , , - the land.

()

, , . , , . -

16 323 241


, . : They speak like saints and act like devils.

, , :

Grabbed age and youth cannot live together:

Youth is full of pleasure, age is full of care;

Youth like summer morn, age like winter weather;

Youth like summer brave, age like winter bare.

Youth is full of sport, age's breath is short;

Youth is nimble, age is lame;

Youth is hot and bold, age is weak and cold;

Youth is wild, and age is tame

Age, I do abhore thee, youth I do adore thee;

Oh! My Love, my Love is young.

(W. Shakespeare. A Madrigal.)

, . , , . , . , , . , to speak, to act , , saints devils, . The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win, world chains, , : world all, everything chains slavery. , to lose to win.

, . -

242


. . :

! the more angel she,

And you the blacker devil

(W. Shakespeare. Othello.)

- . . , . , . , . , , , . . , , , . , .

. . . , : 1817-1818 . , , , , , , .1

, , -

1 . . . . . . -. 1941. C. 192.

16* 243


. , , . , , , :

All things above were bright and fair,

All things were glad and free;

Lithe squirrels darted here and there, And wild birds filled the echoing air

With songs of Liberty! On him alone was the doom of pain,

From the morning of his birth; On him alone the curse of Cain Fell, like a flail on the gathered grain,

And struck him to the earth!

, . : top and bottom, up and down, inside and out.

, , . , , , , .

. , and. . but, . , . :

The cold in clime are cold in blood, Their love can scarce deserve the name; But mine was like a lava flood That boils in Etna's breast of flame.

(Q. G. rn)

244


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