, , , .
, , , .
, .
, , , .
.
. : - , fi i- - , - ; - .
: - , . , () , , .
APi = Q / fi, fi - i- . .
()
MPi = MPi = .
, APL = Q/L () , MPL= Q/ L , PK = Q/K () MPK= Q/ K - .
Pf, Pf
Pf
Pf
f
. 10-1. (Pf) (f) (f). () MPf = APf.
Pf (f) , . .
, ( ) ,
, - , .
.
MPL
(1)
L
L0 L1 (2)
. 10-2. ( ) . :
|
|
(1) ; (2) L .
, . , - , . , .
, , , , . - . .
. , .
. , . . .
: " , ". (. )
. , .
, , . () () ( , -) (FC) (VC) (-) , (Q):
TC(Q) = FC + VC(Q).
(FC) - , .
(VC) , .
, TC(Q) VC(Q).
() . 10-2.
( )
, , , -, , . | , , . |
, - . , - , , .
|
|
( ) (AC ATC) - : AC(Q) = .
() (AFC) - () : AFC(Q) = .
(V)- ( ) : AVC(Q) = .
() () :
MC(Q) = =
(Q) = (Q) - (Q-1) .
. , , . , , , - .
. U- . , - . .
Q (AVC) (AC) .
MC
AVC
Q -
. 10-3. (), (AVC) ()
(). MC = AC,
MC = AVC.
FC
AFC(Q)
1 Q -
.10-4. (FC) (F).
. , , . .
AC AC
Q Q
.10-5. .
, ( ). . , , - .
() (R) :
MR(Q) =
R(Q) = R(Q) - R(Q-1) .
: , . .
(R=MC).
. , (Q) MR>MC . MR=MC Q, . Q , MR=MC.
MR MC
Q
.10-6. ( ).
MR=MC , . :
|
|
P | Q | TR | MR | TC | MC | |
- | - | - | +1 | |||
- | - | - | -1 |
, Q=10. MR=MC . .
. MR=MC , . , , Q .
. , -.
. .
: MRPi = Pi , Pi - i- , MRPi . , :
* MRPi > Pi, i- , MRPi - Pi > 0.
* MRPi < Pi, i- , Pi - MRPi > 0.
, , , . : , Pi - , MRPi - .
( , - L - ), , (), ( L ) .
. : MPL L + MPK K = 0, MPL - , MP - . (MRTS) :
MRTS = - =
( , - L - ), .
K K
L L
.10-7. ) . ) .
, , .
-
Qm
L -
.10-8. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
() .
.
, .
() .
.
|
|
.
.
.
() .
.
.
.
() .
: MR = MC.
, .