SQL INSERT. ' :
INSERT INTO <table name> VALUES <value>, <value>);
, , TEACHERS, :
INSERT INTO TEACHERS
VALUES (4006, '', '', '䳿', 01/09/1999);
INSERT , , , . , ', ' , , , , . , , , - ..
NULL , , . , , , :
INSERT INTO TEACHERS
VALUES (NULL, '', '', '䳿', 01/09/1999);
NULL - , .
, , - . , :
INSERT INTO TEACHERS (TDATE, TFAM, TIMA)
VALUES (01/09/1999, '', '');
TDATE, TFAM, TIMA, TNUM . , . , , NULL . NULL , ' - INSERT.
INSERT , . VALUES :
INSERT INTO EXCELLENT SELECT * FROM USP WHERE OCENKA = 5;
, . 2.5.
2.5 LLENT
UNUM | OCENKA | UDATE | SNUM | PNUM |
10/06/1999 | ||||
12/06/1999 |
, : , ( , ), , EXCELLENT. , EXCELLENT CREATE TABLE ' , USP .
, USP. USP ' EXCELLENT.
|
|
, , , - , .
, :
INSRT INTO AVGRAITING (SNUM, AVGOCENKA) SELECT SNUM, AVG
(OCENKA) FROM USP GROUP BY SNUM;
, AVGRAITING, , , , ( SELECT) .
INSERT , . , STO , , , :
INSERT INTO STO (SFAM, SIMA, SOTCH) SELECT SFAM, SIMA, SOTCH FROM STUDENTS WHERE SNUM = ANY (SELECT SNUM FROM USP WHERE OCENKA = 5);
, INSERT. , , SNUM. STUDENTS, SNUM , INSERT STO.
INSERT . , CENKA, , (, 䳿). , , :
INSERT INTO MAXOCENKA (SNUM, OCENKA) SELECT SNUM, OCENKA
FROM USP FIRST WHERE OCENKA = (SELECT MAX (OCENKA)
FROM USP SECOND WHERE FIRST.UDATE=SECOND.UDATE);
, , , MAXOCENKA, , .
DELETE. , , . . , STUDENTS, :
DELETE FROM STUDENTS;
, . , , , , . , , :
DELETE FROM STUDENTS WHERE SNUM = 3416;
: , . SFAM, , , .
DELETE , . , USP , , 10/06/1999:
|
|
DELETE FROM USP WHERE UDATE = 10/06/1999;
. , , , . , STUDENTS, , , :
DELETE FROM STUDENTS WHERE SNUM=(SELECT SNUM FROM USP
WHERE OCENKA= 3);
, , , .
DELETE , , . , 䳿 ( ..), . , , FROM , , . :
DELETE FROM STUDENTS WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM USP
WHERE OCENKA = 3 AND STUDENTS.SNUM = USP.SNUM);
STUDENTS. , .
UPDATE. UPDATE, ' , SET, .
, 5, :
UPDATE USP SET OCENKA = 5;
, , , UPDATE . , 5 2003, :
UPDATE USP SET OCENKA = 5 WHERE PNUM = 2003;
UPDATE - SET - , . - , . , , . :
UPDATE TEACHERS SET TFAM = '', TNAME = '',
TOTCH = '䳿', TDATE =01/09/1999 WHERE TNUM = 4001;
PREDMET - . , UPDATE , , () ' . .., , SET TEACHERS. TFAM = '' .
SET UPDATE , , (, VALUES INSERT ). , , 2 , :
UPDATE STUDENTS SET STIP = STIP*2;
, SET, , , .
, . , 25.50, :
UPDATE STUDENTS SET STIP = STIP*2 WHERE STIP = 25.50;
UPDATE NULL . , 2003 NULL, :
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UPDATE USP SET OCENKA - NULL WHERE PNUM = 2003;
UPDATE. , , , FROM - , .
- UPDATE ( , , INSERT) , ' , . , , , , , . - ' , , . , EXISTS, IN, < > .
, UPDATE. . , ' , DELETE.
, 䳿 2 , , , :
UPDATE STUDENTS SET STIP=STIP*2
WHERE 2<=(SELECT COUNT (SNUM) FROM USP
WHERE STUDENTS.SNUM=USP.SNUM);
, , 2 , , 䳿 .
, , . 䳿 , :
UPDATE STUDENTS SET STIP=STRIP-1WHERE SNUM IN
(SELECT SNUM FROM USP FIRST WHERE OCENKA =(SELECT MIN (OCENKA)
FROM USP SECOND WHERE FIRST.UDATE =SECOND. UDATE));
, UPDATE , - . , , , . 䳿
SELECT AVG (OCENKA) FROM USP;
UPDATE USP SET OCENKA = OCENKA - 1 WHERE OCENKA < 4.2
, UPDATE, , SQL. , , , , , , , .
'
, , , ' . ' , . ' . , ' , ' , , SQL , .
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' , ' . , . , . , , FROM . : , .
, , 䳿, :
SELECT FIRST.SFAM, SECOND.SFAM, FIRST.STIP
FROM STUDENTS FIRST, STUDENTS SECOND WHERE FIRST.STIP = SECOND.STIP;
:
25.50 25.50 17.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.50 25.50 |
SQL , ' , FIRST SECOND, . , SELECT FROM, SQL - , . , ', , , , , .
, - ' , , , .
, , . ', . , :
SELECT FIRST.SFAM, SECOND.SFAM, FIRST.STIPFROM STUDENTS FIRST, STUDENTS SECOND WHERE FIRST.STIP=SECOND.STIP AND FIRST.SFAM < SECOND.SFAM;
:
0.00 | ||
25.50 |
, , ' . ' , , . . , < = <.
, SQL . , , , PREDMET . , ' PREDMET, . - :
SECOND.PNUM, SECOND.TNUM FROM PREDMET FIRST, PREDMET SECOND WHERE FIRST.PNUM = SECOND.PNUM AND FIRST.TNUM <> SECOND.TNUM;
, , .
' - , , - , , , .
, - , SELECT . , 䳿 䳿: 25.50, 17.00 0.00 .. :
|
|
SELECT FIRST.SFAM, SECOND.SFAM, THIRD.SFAM FROM STUDENTS FIRST, STUDENTS SECOND,STUDENTS THIRD WHERE FIRST.STIP = 25.50 AND SECOND.STIP = 17.00 AND THIRD.STIP = 0.00;
:
SFAM | SFAM | SFAM |
. , , , - , .
- ' , , .
- , . , ' '. : , STUDENTS , . .. , , , SNUM . SNUM, , , .
. , , , INSERT DELETE. , .
, , . , , , , ..
:
CREATE INDEX <INDEX NAME> ON <TABLE NAME>
(<COLUMN NAME> [,<COLUMN NAME>]...);
, , , . ' - SQL , .
. , STUDENTS , . :
CREATE INDEX SFAMIDX ON STUDENTS (SFAM);
ϳ , . , , , , .
( ) UNIQUE CREATE INDEX. . , STUDENTS SNUM , . :
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX SNUMIDX ON STUDENTS (SNUM);
, SNUM . , - . ֳ : ( ), , , .
', . , SQL - , , , .
, , '. :
DROP INDEX <INDEX NAME>;
, , :
DROP INDEX SFAMIDX;
, .
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( ) :
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI. .
2. .
3.
1. ;
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4. 䳿 .3 , .
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