The Past Indefinite Tense 䳺, , . Past Indefinite 䳺 .
䳺 to ed, :
[t] , t;
to ask ask ed
to like - lik ed
[d] , d, :
to clean clean ed
to play - play ed
[ıd] t, d, te, de:
to want want ed
to hate hat ed
! : | to lov e lov ed | to stop - sto pp ed |
to stud y stud ied | to prefer - prefe rr ed |
䳺 . . (. 2 䳺). 䳺 did to.
+S + Ved / V(II) | He worked in the garden. |
They wentto the park. | |
? DidS V? | Didyou go to the university yesterday? |
-S + did not (didnt) V | I didnt go to the university yesterday. |
.
Past Indefinite
) 䳿 . 䳿 yesterday , last week , last year , last summer , the other day .
e.g.They lived in Sumy before 1991. | 1991 . |
) :
e.g.I dressed, went downstairs, had some coffee in the kitchen and went out to the garage. | , , . |
) 䳿 :
e.g. I saw her every day. .
8.3 䳺 to be.
+ | - | ? |
I was He was She was It was We were You were They were | I was not (wasnt) He was not She was not It was not We were not (werent) You were not They were not | WasI ? Washe ? Wasshe? Wasit ? Werewe ? Wereyou ? Werethey ? |
Unit 9
9.1 () / The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense
.
Future Indefinite Tense 䳺 shall will 䳺 to.
䳺 shall , will .
! 䳺 will . shall will ll, : I shall = Ill; he will = hell; they will = theyll.
+S+ shall / will V | Ill finishthis work tomorrow. |
-S+ shall not / will not V | They will not comehere next year. |
? Shall /WillS V ? | Will you bebusy in the evening? |
?/W shall / willS V ? | When willhe beback? |
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Future Indefinite , 䳿 .
e.g. Ill be back soon. | . |
I shall finish the university in five years. | . |
9.2 Will or going to
will, .
e.g. Helens bicycle has a flat tyre. She tells her father:
Helen: My bicycle has a flat tyre. Can you repair it for me?
Father: Okay, but I cant do it now. I will repair it tomorrow.
going to, .
e.g. Mother: Can you repair Helens bicycle? It has a flat tyre.
Father: Yes, I know. She told me. I am going to repair it tomorrow.
going to ( will), , , ( ).
e.g. Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain.
I feel terrible. I think I am going to be sick.
Unit 10
10.1 / The Present Perfect Tense
10.1.1 .
The Present Perfect Tense 䳺 to have Present Indefinite 䳺 (Past Participle) 䳺.
+S+ have (has) Ved(III) | He has broken your vase. |
-S + have (has) not Ved(III) | I havent read this book. |
? Have (has)SVed (III)? | Hasthe secretarycome? |
?/Whave (has)S Ved(III)? | Where hashe gone? |
Who has Ved(III)? | Who has doneit? |
10.1.2 .
The Present Perfect Tense :
) 䳿, , , , 䳿, :
e.g. I have locked the door. Have you turned off the gas? | ( ). ? |
! 䳿, 䳺 Present Perfect, , 䳿, .
) 䳿 , 䳺, Continuous:
e.g. I have known her for years. Where have you been since last Thursday? | . ? |
10.2 . / The Past Perfect Tense