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(The Active Voice).




CHAPTER I. GRAMMAR PRACTICE

PART 1. (The Verb).

(The Active Voice).

. 1. .

Present Simple (Indefinite) () Present Continuous (Progressive) Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) -
She works as a nurse. She owns a large shop. Theyre staying at the Park Hotel at present. She has tidied her room. ( . , . - ) , Hes been writing a letter for two hours. ( .)
/ ( : often, usually .) I usually get up at 7.30. , She is looking for a better job. , , . Ive met Madonna. ( , ) He has just bought a car. , . Shes been crying ( )
Money doesnt buy happiness. Water freezes at 00C. always, constantly, continually . Shes always interrupting me! ( , .) /, . Ive lost 10 kilos. , , Who has been using my tooth brush?
/ ( ) The match finishes at 7.45 The plane leaves at 6.05 The Browns are visiting us tonight. ( , ). . She has called on two clients since 12 oclock. She has been calling on clients since this morning.
/ .. Jane Fonda acts brilliantly in this film. His English is getting better. : live, feel and work Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous Ive been living/Ive lived in Rome for a year.
, ( Present Continuous) , Continuous (to see, to hear ..) Dont talk too loudly, I hear you well.   Present Perfect Continuous , Continuous I have known him for three years.  
, if , unless , provided that , when , until, till , , as soon as , as long as , before .. :
Future Simple We will send the documents as soon as we receive them from Moscow. . Future Continuous Ill be reading the newspaper while you are writing your grammar exercises. , . Future Perfect Ill go to the country as soon as I have passed my examinations. , . Future Perfect Continuous If he has been working for seven hours, he will be very tired. , .
, .
every day/ week/ month/ year, usually, sometimes, always, rarely, never, often, in the morning/ evening/ afternoon, at night, on Mondays .. Now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, today, tonight, always, still .. just, ever, never, already, yet ( ), always, how long, so far, recently, since ( - ), for ( - ) today, this week/ month .. For since Present Perfect Continuous, .

 

, (state verbs), , Continuous. :

1). : see, hear, smell, feel, taste .. ( can could ) Can you see that tall boy over there?

2) : agree, believe, consider ..

3) , , : feel, forgive, hate, like, love ..

4) : appear (=seem), be, belong, fit (=be the right shape and size for sth), have (=possess), know, look (=appear), need, prefer, require, want, weigh, wish ..

(see, smell, taste, feel, think, have ..) Continuous, , :

 

I think shes rich. (=I believe) The milk tastes awful. (=it has a bad flavour) He has a pet dog. (=he owns) This cloth feels like velvet. (=has the texture) I see youre in trouble. (= I understand) Im thinking about your plan. (=Im considering) Hes tasting the sauce; it might need some salt. (=hes trying its flavour) Hes having dinner now. (=hes eating) Shes feeling her way in the dark. (=shes finding her way) Im seeing my lawyer tonight.) (=Im visiting)

. 2. .

 

Past Simple (Indefinite) () Past Continuous (Progressive) Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive) -
, She sealed the letter, put a stamp on it and posted it. , He was playing tennis at 4.30 yesterday. , He had left by the time I got there ( by 8.15). , She had been working as a clerk for 10 years before she resigned.  
He used to go / went to school on foot. , She called an hour ago. , . Past Continuous, Past Simple While I was getting dressed the bell rang.   , She was sad because she had failed the test. , They were wet because they had been walking in the rain.
, . . Elvis Presley made lots of records. ( , )   While I was sunbathing, Tim was swimming. , She was flying to Paris. The sun was shining (He cant find his watch. He has lost it.) He couldnt find his watch. He had lost it. - - (She is going to the doctor. Her leg has been aching for two days.) She went to the doctor. Her leg had been aching for two days.
, .
Yesterday, last week .., (how long) ago, then, just now, when, in 1992 .. While, when, as, the moment that .. for, since, already, after, just, never, yet, before, by, by the time .. for, since

. 3.

 

Future Simple (Indefinite) () Future Continuous (Progressive) Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive) -.
, ( ) Since its getting dark, Ill turn on the light. Hell be sunbathing in Hawaii this time next week , She will have come back by the end of July. : by not until / till Future Perfect. Until / till Future Perfect . She will have finished by 8 oclock. She wont have finished until 8 oclock. , . By the end of this year she will have been working here for two years.  
, , , , , , , etc., : expect, hope, believe, Im sure, Im afraid, probably etc. Im afraid Ill be a little late. , ( Present Cont.) Ill be seeing John tomorrow. ( , .)    
, . Shell probably buy the dress. () , : He will be ten next year. , , , - - . Will you be going to the supermarket? Can you buy me some tea?    
, , . Shell probably be promoted ( )      
Shall I/ We , , . Shall we go for a walk? Who shall I invite? Will , , , , , , , , , ( think, expect, believe, Im sure John will pass his driving test
to be going to
, Shes going to visit her parents tomorrow. Now that theyve settled in their new house, theyre going to have a party. , - Ann is going to have a baby. Look at the dark, clouds in the sky! Its going to rain. , Hes going to be promoted. ( )
, to be going to
Tomorrow, tonight, next week/month/year, in two/three etc. days .., the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week/month .. before, by, by then, by the time, until ( ) By for
           

 

(The Passive Voice)

, , , a .

The planets are attracted by the sun. .

to be (III- )

He invited me to the concert. I was invited to the concert (by him).

:

1. , , , . My car was stolen yesterday. ( ) The road repairs were completed last week. ( ) The kidnappers have been arrested. (by the police o ) 3. , , , , , , , , . Taking pictures is not allowed. ( ) The local bank was robbed this morning. () Bred is baked in an oven for about 45 minutes. ()
2. . My new suit has been burnt. ( , Youve burnt my new suit. 4. The Tower of London was build by William the Conqueror.

Part II

(The Infinitive)

Infinitive Active Passive
Indefinite to write to be written (to be + Participle II)
Perfect to have written (to have + Participle II) to have been written (to have been + Participle II)
Continuous to be writing (to be + Participle I)
Perfect Continuous to have been writing (to have been + Participle I)

1. obtain these data is necessary for our further work. - .
2. His aim is to obtain these data. - .
3. The professor asked the students to make the experiment. .
4.   obtain the reliable data it is necessary to make a lot of experiments. , .
5. The method is not accurate enough to give reliable results. , .
6.   The device to be used has been carefully examined. , , . was the first to apply the new method of work. .




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