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I. ----------------------------------------------------6
15. -------------- ---------------------------------------11
1 The police of the USA ----------------------------------------- 12
2 Routine Police Work --------------------------------------------16
16. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------21
1 About FBI---------------------------- ----------------------------21
2 Federal Bureau of Investigation -------------------------------23
Supplementary reading ------------------------------------------------------31
17. -----------------------------------------------38
1 The Metropolitan Police Force of London -------------------39
2 The British Police ------------------------------------------------41
18. -------------------------------------------------- -------------48
1 From the history of Scotland Yard ----------------------------48
2 Scotland Yard ----------------------------------------------------50
Supplementary reading -----------------------------------------------------54
19. ----------------------------------------------------------------------58
1 Interpol ------------------------------------------------- ----------61
2 The aims of Interpol----------------------------------- - --------64
3 Interpol and bilateral cooperation-------------------- ---------66
Supplementary reading ------------------------------------------- ----------68
20. -----------------------------------------------------------------------78
1 Europol------------------------------------------------------------78
2 Organized crime--------------------------------------------------82
Supplementary reading -----------------------------------------------------83
21. ---------------------84
1 International police cooperation in combating cross-border
Crime---------------------------------------------------------------84
Supplementary reading -----------------------------------------------------88
II. ----------------------------------------------------91
-------------------------------------------------------------------- 91
-------------------------------------------------------- 94
--------------------------------------------------------95
-----------------96
---------------------------------------------------101
----------------------------------------------------105
-----------------------------------------------------------106
I -------------------------------------------------------------------108
II ------------------------------------------------------------------109
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--------------------------------------------------112
Grammar Test Review -----------------------------------------------------114
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-------------------------------------------------------------------118
Topical Vocabulary
,
Study the following terms
Police /
Police
To call the police
To take to the nearest police station (-)
To report to the police ( )
Police force ;
Police station / precinct
Metropolitan police ()
Riot police
Policeman
Policewoman -
Detective / plain-clothes man / sleuth / CID man
Investigator
Inspector
Operative
Divisional inspector / beat officer
Field-criminalist -
Search commander ,
Medical expert -
Bobby-handler - ,
Marshal ; ( )
Bailiff ; ( )
Police duties /
To apprehend a criminal
To assist the offender to return to an honest life
To arrive at the crime scene
To be responsible for a crime
To become familiar with salient feature of criminals modus operandi
To bring a charge
To bring a criminal action
To bring the criminal to justice
To build a hypothesis
To call an ambulance
To catch criminals
To collect (lift) evidence ()
To conduct search, discovery and seizure ,
To curb the crime
To define crime ,
To detect criminals
To develop and take fingerprints
To direct traffic
To eliminate causes of crime
To enforce the law
To ensure crime scene protection
To establish corpus delicti
To establish contact
To establish proof of guilt
To ferret out serious crime , ( )
To fight (to combat) crime
To find, collect and protect evidence ,
To frustrate (the plans, efforts) , (, )
To get (obtain) information ,
To give first aid to a victim
To identify ,
To increase sense of security ,
To investigate crime
Investigation / inquiry , ,
Investigational techniques
To interview witnesses
To interrogate criminals
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To lay an ambush
To locate
To maintain law and order
To make an estimate of -
To make plaster cast
To make conclusions
To make a record
To neutralize
To operate in plain-clothes
Overt work
To pack the traces of the crime ( )
To patrol streets
To penetrate underworld
To perform well under operational conditions
To persecute offenders
To prevent crime
To prevent juvenile delinquency
To provide security for society
To punish criminals
To reconstruct the happening
To search for and collect evidence
To search / investigate / examine / observe / inspect / survey a crime scene
To solve the crime
To stand on guard of law and order
To supervise difficult juveniles 蒒
Surveillance
To take active measures
To take missing person reports
To take pictures of
Traffic law enforcement
Undercover (covert) work
To use special means, methods and forms of crime solution ,
To use the weapon .
Classification of crimes /
1. Crimes against administration of justice ,
Misdemeanor ,
Offence -
Petty offence ()
Tort ,
Trespassing
Crimes against person
Abduction (, )
abduction by fraud
abduction by violence
Assassination
Assault ,
Homicide ,
Intimidation ,
Kidnapping
Killing
- Accidental killing
- Intentional killing ()
Lynch law -
Manslaughter
Murder
Murder for hire
Attempted murder
First degree murder
Second degree murder
Rape
Gang rape
Sexual offence
Slaughter ,
3. Crimes against property
Arson
-arson attempt
Burglary
Car theft ()
Housebreaking
Larceny
Mugging
Pick-pocketing
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Raid
Robbery ,
Shoplifting
Stealing ,
Theft
- grand theft
- petty theft
4. Economic crimes
Blackmail ,
Blue-collar crime 咒 , (, )
Bribery
Counterfeiting
Extortion
Embezzlement , ,
Forgery ,
Fraud ,
Racketeering ,
Slander
White-collar crime ( , , )
5. Crimes against the State
Betrayal ,
Drug trafficking ,
Espionage / spying
Hijacking ,
Misappropriation of public property
Perjury
Sedition , ;
Slaughter ,
Smuggling
Terrorism
Treason
Vandalism
Exercise 1. Here is a list of some criminals and the crimes they commit, but it is incomplete. Fill in the missing parts. 
| Criminal Crime The criminal |
| Thief theft/robbery stole some jewelry |
| Murderer killed a policeman |
| hijacking hijacked a plane |
| Drug dealer drug dealing dealt in pushing cocaine |
| Kidnapping |
| Rapist |
| Mugger mugged an old lady |
| Car thief stole a BMW |
| Robbery |
| Terrorist committed an act of terrorism (e.g. bombing, murder, kidnapping) |
15
The USA police ranks:
Commissioner
Chief ()
Assistant-Chief / Deputy Chief / Commander
Master Police Officer
Senior Police Officer
Trooper detective ()
Major / Inspector /
Inspector / Detective /
Captain / Precinct Commander ,
Lieutenant
Colonel
Sergeant / Detective Sergeant / /
Corporal / Detective (Investigator) / /
Police Officer
Patrol Officer
Peace Officer
Beat Officer
Traffic Officer
Training Officer
Officer of Special Assignment
Sheriff , ; ( )
Text 1
1. Some word for the text:
Agency , ,
sheriff -
bridge
tunnel
all in all
separate
to finance
finance -
respective -
weapon -
club -
2. Read the text and answer the following questions:
What five main types of police agencies are operating in the USA?
What other police forces are functioning there too?
Who finances the federal police agencies?
Who finances special police forces?
Are all policemen usually armed?
The Police of the USA
The modern police departments in the USA came into existence in the years following World War I. Since 1920 municipal police agencies have increasingly grown in personnel and responsibilities. Special training and more selective recruitment practices have been developed to go hand in hand with the use of such technological developments as the automobile, the individual police radio, and the computer. The great part of police work does not involve crime-fighting situations but rather consists of both service and peace-keeping activities.
Service functions include directing traffic and enforcing traffic regulations, answering accident calls, aiding the sick, helping find a lost child or rescue a lost pet, recovering stolen property, and reporting fires. These are all services performed to assist the public.
There are five main types of police agencies operating in the USA:
police agencies of the Federal government (Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Park Service, Border Patrol, US Postal Inspector and so on);
state police forces (highway patrol, drug control agency, investigative bureaux and so on);
sheriffs in counties (county sheriffs offices);
the police forces of cities and towns (municipal or city police);
the police of villages (constables and village police departments).
Municipal police departments are the heart of the entire police system. They have their own organization with several different divisions, each with specific functions. In most departments there are four major divisions:
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field operations (patrol, investigation, traffic, youth divisions, special operations etc.);
administrative services (community relations, planning);
technical services (communications, records,etc.) and
inspectional services (internal affaires, intelligence, etc.).
Besides there are such special police forces as parks police, bridge and tunnel administration police forces, and police organizations for special tasks. All in all, there are about 40,000 separate police agencies in the United States of America.
The federal police agencies are financed from the Federal Fund. Other police forces are financed from the respective authorities funds.
Policemen have weapons, such as revolvers, clubs and gas pistols.
3. Translate the following word-combinations using the text above:
- peace-keeping activities;
- to enforce the law;
- municipal police agency;
- to go hand in hand;
- to rescue a lost pet;
- stolen property;
- drug control agency;
- traffic regulations.
4. Translate the following into Russian paying attention to the word state
State
state police forces (in the USA) --------------------------------------------
the United State of America --------------------------------------------
state financing (in the USA) ------------------------------------------------
state financing (in other countries) ------------------------------------------------
the state of Belgium ----------------------------------------------
the European states ------------------------------------------------
Find the Russian equivalents given in column B:
A B
to direct traffic 1.
to assist the public 2.
to recover stolen property 3.
to find lost children 4.
to have weapons 5.
Make up different word-combinations using the following words (A,B) and translate them:
A B
Police training
Peace-keeping property
Technological department
Traffic activities
Stolen development
Special regulations
7. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false); correct the false ones:
1. There are four main types of police agencies operating in the USA.
2. The great part of police work involves crime-fighting situations.
3. The modern police departments in the USA came into existence in the years
following World War II.
4. Municipal police departments are the heart of the entire police system.
5. The field operations division is responsible for patrolling streets,
crime investigations, traffic and nothing else.
6. The federal police agencies are financed from the Federal Fund.
7. American policemen do not carry weapons.
8. Insert these words into the sentences:
Rehabilitate, sentence, patrol, conduct, prevent, punish, arrest
1. The police __________ the streets of cities and towns on a regular basis.
2. Police officers are doing their best to _________ crimes.
3. Sometimes the police ___________ criminals with the help of ordinary people on the scene of crime.
4. Courts __________ trials of the accused and ________ criminals to different terms.
5. The society has created a correctional process to ________ convicted persons
and implement programs to __________ those persons.
Note: to implement , .
Just for fun
A beautiful blonde walked into a Chicago police station and gave the desk sergeant a detailed description of a man who had dragged her by the hair down three flights of stairs, threatened to choke her to death and finally beat her up.
With this description well have him arrested in no time, said the desk sergeant.
But I dont want him arrested, the young woman protested.
Just find him for me. He promised to marry me.
Additional exercises to the topic The work of American police
1. Complete the following sentences with the words and phrases from the bracket:
A. ( Guards; kidnappers; tap; couriers bug; armoured vehicles; security firm; bullet-proof; private detectives)
I run a (a) which offers a complete range of security services. We have (b) with special (c) windows to transport money and other valuable items. We can supply trained (d) to protect exhibits at art shows and jewellery displays. We can advise you if you think someone is trying to (e) your phone or (f) your private conversations at home or in the office with hidden microphones. We have ex-policemen whom you can hire as (g) and special (h) to deliver your valuable parcels anywhere in the world. We can protect you or your children against possible (i).
B. ( theft; evidence; sentence; court; pleaded; arrest; charge; magistrate; fingerprint; oath; detained; handcuff; found; investigate; fine; witness; cell)
A policeman was sent to (a) the disappearance of some property from a hotel. When he arrived, he found that the hotel staff had caught a boy in one of the rooms with a camera and some cash. When the policeman tried to (b) the boy, he became violent and the policeman had to (c) him. At the police station the boy could not give a satisfactory explanation for his actions and the police decided to (d) him with the (e) of the camera and cash. They took his (f) , locked him in a (g) , and (h) him overnight. The next morning he appeared in (i) before the (j) . He took an (k) and
(i) not guilty. Two (m) , the owner of the property and a member of the hotel staff, gave (n) . After both sides of the case had been heard the boy was (o) guilty. He had to pay a (p) of 50 dollars and he was given a (q) of three month in prison suspended for two years.
2. Read the text and use the verb in correct form. Observe the Past Simple Passive. Close the book and retell the text.
Two men (to see) breaking into a house in my street last night. The police (to call) and they arrived very quickly. One man (to catch) immediately. The other escaped, but he (to find) very soon. Both men (to take) to the police station where they (to question) separately by a police officer. The two men (to charge) with burglary.
Text 2
1. Read and translate the text.
The following words will help you understand the text:
1. routine , ;
available ,
estimate ,
peace-keeping activity ()
to respond ,
to implicate -
to mediate -
missing person
to scoop up ,
manpower ,
call -
to quiet -
to evict ,
to warn ,
law-breaker -
to contribute ,
maintenance ,
precinct
squad car
roll call , , ,
shift -
wanted -
injury , , ,
damage , ,
hit-and-run , ,
, ,
to run over ,
disdain -
Routine Police Work
As you know criminal investigation is the keystone of American police service, its law enforcement. But according to available estimates for some past period of time only one-third of police manpower resources dealt with crime and criminals, the other two-thirds of them with non-law enforcement or so called peace-keeping activities.
The data collected show that the great majority of incidents the police handled, arose when the police responded to citizens calls for service. The police officer became implicated in a wide range of human troubles many of which had little or nothing to do with criminal law enforcement. He transported people to the hospital, wrote reports of auto accidents, and arbitrated and mediated between disputants neighbours, husbands and wives, landlords and tenants, and businessmen and customers. He took missing person reports, directed traffic, controlled crowds at fires, wrote dogbite reports, and identified abandoned autos. He removed safety hazards from the streets, quieted noisy parties, radios and television, evicted a drunken person from a bar and occasionally scooped up a dead animal. Policemen also spent much of their time with juvenile troubles. So in the line of his everyday duties a policeman directed, aided, informed, pacified, warned, disciplined, etc. in short, contributed to the maintenance of the peace and order.
The officers usually began their shift after roll call. The officers took their instructions from a radio dispatcher from time to time.
Both the dispatchers in their radio calls and the police officers in their records preferred to give the tersest description of the incidents. They used such abbreviations as B and E (breaking or/and entering), family trouble or domestic, silent alarm, somebody screaming, a theft report, a man down (person lying in a public place, cause unknown), outside ringer (burglar-alarm ringing), the boys (trouble with juveniles) or kids disturbing, P.I. (personal-injury automobile accident), DK (drunk), PD (property damage automobile accident), H-and-R (Hit-and-Run) and suchlike. We see they used some kind of police slang.
That is a very incomplete list of routine police work that the officer performed over the period covered.
Translate the following word-combinations:
- To deal with crime and criminals
- To read about routine police work
- To estimate the operational situation
- Peace-keeping activities
- The great majority of incidents
- A wide range of human troubles
- To write dogbite reports
- Juvenile troubles
- To cruise in a squad car
- To direct traffic
- Contemporary precincts
- Roll call
3. Read and translate the following word-combinations paying attention to the form- and link-words.
These mundane duties, only maintenance of peace and order, such hazard for safety, our acquaintance, those missing persons, this little squad, the best squad car, many disputants, the only abbreviation, most estimates, less trouble, their beat, more every day calls, your violation, much damage.
4. Write out the pairs of synonyms:
| Precinct | usual | to warn | to handle |
| Manpower | security | to quiet | to answer |
| Safety | Police station | to deal with | to prevent |
| Law-breaker | damage | to respond | to pacify |
| Injury | personnel | to aid | to ring |
| Routine | offender, criminal | to call | to help |
Translate from Russian into English:
, , , , , , , , ().
Find the Russian equivalents given in column B:
A B
1. roll call 1. -
2. stolen cars 2.
3. dogbite reports 3.
4. radio-equipped patrol car 4.
5. criminal investigation 5.
6. missing person reports 6. ()
7. traffic violations 7.
8. hit-and-run 8. , ,
, , ,
Make up different word-combinations using the following words (A,B) and translate them:
A B
Criminal call
Peace-keeping reports
Contemporary troubles
Roll investigation
Stolen dispatcher
Juvenile precincts
Radio activity
Missing person alarm
Silent cars
Find one sentence of the text from the three given below:
The problem dealt with in the report was an important one.
Policemen also spent much of their time with juvenile troubles.
Roll call usually took from fifty minutes to an hour.
Find and read the sentences corresponding to these:
, , , , .
, , .
.
Correct the following statements according to the text:
The police officer became implicated in a wide range of human troubles many of which had to do with criminal law enforcement.
The officer usually finished their shift after roll call.
That is a very complete list of routine police work that the officer performed over the period covered.
Explain the following abbreviations:
B and E; family trouble, silent alarm, a man down, DK, PD, P.I., H-and-R.
Put the following sentences in accordance with the logic of the text:
He took missing person reports, directed traffic, controlled crowds at fires, wrote dogbite reports, and identified abandoned autos.
The officer usually began their shift after roll call.
As you know criminal investigation is the keystone of American police service, its law enforcement.
We see they used some kind of police slang.
Fill in the gaps in the text below with the appropriate words from the previous text:
As you know criminal investigation isof American police service. The police officer became in a wide range of human troubles many of which had little or nothing to do with. He transported people to the hospital, wrote reports of auto accidents, and andbetween disputants. Policemen spent much of their time with. The officers usually began theirafter roll call. and became the center of contemporary precincts. Policemen used some kind of police in their work.
14. Answer the questions:
What percentage of police manpower resources dealt with non-law enforcement activities according to available estimates?
And what percentage dealt with law enforcement activities?
Did you read much about police peace-keeping activities as their everyday mundane duties, i.e. about routine police work?
When did the majority of incidents the police handled arise?
Did the police officer become implicated in a wide range of human troubles?
What did the police officer have to do?
When did the officers usually begin their shift?
What did the officers do during motorpatrolling?
What room became the centre of the contemporary police precinct?
What language did the police officers prefer to use in their operational work?
