, ( )
. (AS) IP- , , .
3 , .
(multihomed) AS AS, -. AS -. , AS - .
(stub) AS AS, . AS, - , , .
(transit) AS AS, , . , A AS B.
BGP (. Border Gateway Protocol, ) .
BGP, , , , , , . BGP , , .
BGP . 1994 , .
BGP TCP ( 179).
BGP, DNS, , Internet.
.RIP, OSPF
RIP (. Routing Information Protocol) , ( ), . RIP - , ( ) . , RIP 15 ( 16 ). RIP- 30 , . RIP TCP/IP, UDP 520.
RIP , , EIGRP, OSPF. 15 . .
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OSPF (. Open Shortest Path First) , (link-state technology) (Dijkstras algorithm).
OSPF IETF 1988 . RFC 2328. OSPF (Interior Gateway Protocol IGP). OSPF .
OSPF :
( RIP2, - 30);
(VLSM);
( , );
(. );
.