.
.
.
31. ?
.
, .
, ().
, , (k ).
- ( ).
, .
1.
.
() t
n0 939,565 886 0 −1/2 udd
p+ 938,2726 > 2,9×1029 +1 +1/2 uud
2.
=c2[Z*mp +(A-Z)*mn-m]
c-
mp f
mn
Z -
A-Z -
m
m< mp + mn
3.
dN=-λNdt N
N=N0e-λt ó N= N02-t/T N0 -
T=ln2/λ -
4. α
(α) .
α 42He
AZX -> A-4Z-2Y+42He
Eα 6
v α 109 /
.
5. β
(β) .
AZX -> AZ+1Y+ ē+ e
ē Ve mVe = 0
n->p+ ē + e ( )
Emax= c2[mx- my-me]=0,5
.
6. γ
γ ( 0,5 )
γ α β . .
.
7.
23592U+n -> 14055Cs+9737Rb+2n 200
8.
21H+31->41He+n 17,6
E=Z1*Z2*e2/r Z1=Z2=1 r=10-13 E=0,7
9.
6 : - ē
- ϻ-
- -
- Ve
- V ϻ
- V
Qe | S(spin) | L( ) | B() | c | m*c2 | ||
ē | -1 | 1/2 | . | e+ | 0.51 | ||
ϻ- | -1 | 1/2 | 2*10-6 | ϻ+ | 105.6 | ||
- | -1 | 1/2 | 3*10-13 | + | |||
Ve | 1/2 | . | e | <5*10-6 | |||
V ϻ | 1/2 | . | ϻ | <0.17 | |||
V | 1/2 | ? | <24 |
|
|
10.
6 : u,d,s,c,b,t
.
.
Qe | S(spin) | L( ) | B() | ma | mt | ||
u | +2/3 | 1/2 | +1/3 | , | 1-5(2) | ||
d | -1/3 | 1/2 | +1/3 | 3-7(5) | |||
s | -1/3 | 1/2 | +1/3 | 95+-25 | |||
c | +2/3 | 1/2 | +1/3 | 1250+-100 | |||
b | -1/3 | 1/2 | +1/3 | 4100-4900 | |||
t | +2/3 | 1/2 | +1/3 | 180k | 174k+-3k |
11.
.
.
3 .
Qe | S(spin) | L( ) | B() | c | m | ||
+(u ) | +1 | 2.6*10-8 | - | ||||
k+(u ) | +1 | 1.7*10-8 | k- | ||||
p(uud) | +1 | 1/2 | +1 | . | 938.3 | ||
n(udd) | 1/2 | +1 | 939.6 |
12.
:
-
-
-
- .
-
-
. , , , , .
13.
.
4 :
-( () ) (m=0,s=1)
-( . ) (m=0,s=1)
-( ) W+,W-, z (mw=80,mz=91, s=1)
-( ) (m=0,s=2)
14.
- , , (, ).
1928.
E=+-sqrt(p2c2+m2c4)
mc2=0.51
, - , , , , .
, .
1932
γ +X->X+e-+e+