, :
| 1. | Reading is very useful. . Seeing and believing are different things. . |
| 2. : ( begin, start, continue, go on, finish,etc.) | Seeing is believing. . Stop talking, please. , . |
| 3. : | Exuse my interrupting. , . She insists on our joining them. , . |
| 4. ( of for ) | This is the best way of settling the problem. . Do you know the reason for his being late? ? |
| 5. ( on, after, before, besides, instead of, without, etc.) | On receiving the telegram he left for home. , . After reading the book I put it on the shelf. , . He left the room without saying a word. , . |
, .
| Active | Passive | |
| Non-Perfect | writing | being written |
| Perfect | having written | having been written |
| , , - , Active: I dont like seeing people off. . She denies having invited him to the party. , . | Passive , - : I dont like being seen off. , . She denies having been invited to the party. , . |
| Active need, want, require, deserve to beworth: She deserves praising. ( ). The flat needs cleaning. . The film is worth watching. . |
Non-Perfect Perfect
| Non-Perfect | Perfect |
| Non-Perfect Gerund : , , Stop talking! ! I am surprised at being shown the letter. , . | Perfect Gerund , , I remember having talked to him. , . I am surprised at having been shown the letter. , . |
| Non-Perfect Gerund remember, stop, forget, regret, reproach, thank, excuse, blame, etc. after, on (upon), without. , . On hearing the news she burst into tears. , . Excuse me for coming late. , . |
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I insist on his/ Peters/ Peter taking part in the discussion.
, / .
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| : accuse of apologize for approve of blame smb for feel like forgive for congratulate on count on depend on dream of hear of inform of insist on look forward to object to persist in prevent from result in stop from succeed in suspect smb of thank for think about/of warn against | : art of chance of difficulty (in) experience in habit of harm of idea of importance of interest in means of mistake of opportunity of plan for point in preparation for process of purpose of reason for right of sense of skill in way of | : be afraid of be angry for be aware of be bored with be busy be capable of be clever at be disappointed at be engaged in be excited about be fed up with be fond of be good/clever at be grateful for can't stand/bear be guilty of be interested in be keen on be pleased at be proud of be sorry for be sure of be surprised at be worried about be worth be responsible for |
Exercise 1. Paraphrase using the Gerund:
Model A: He insisted that I should get rid of my bad habits.
He insisted on my getting rid of my bad habits.
Model B: He hates to be interrupted.
He hates being interrupted.
Model C: I can boast I've seen a Bolshoi Theatre performance.
I can boast of having seen a Bolshoi Theatre performance.
Model D: Nick is indignant because hes been scolded for nothing.
Nick is indignant at having been scolded for nothing.
Model E: She went out and didn't lock the door.
She went out without locking the door.
1. Nick suggested that we should arrange a picnic on Sunday.
2. Children like to be read fairy-tales.
3. He denies that he stayed away from classes yesterday.
4. I dont regret that I missed the concert.
5. Granny complains she hasnt slept the whole night.
6. He bought the shoes but didn't try them on.
7. The football players were sorry they had lost yesterday's match.
8. The doctors managed to save the babys life.
9. We were astonished to see such a variety of scenery.
10. Little John was pleased that he had been taught how to ride a bike.
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11. Finally she agreed to be seen off at the station.
12. Im thankful to you that youve given me such a thrilling novel.
13. She managed to make good progress because she had worked much.
14. Before the doctor diagnosed the disease she took my blood pressure.
15. Mr. Brown held his cigarette but didn't light it.
Exercise 2. Supply a natural conversational context:
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1. The world hockey championship was worth watching.
2. Small children need taking good care of.
3. His heart seemed to have stopped beating.
4. was sick and tired of being found fault with.
5. We enjoyed doing cross-word puzzles.
6. The driver was fined for speeding.
Exercise 3. Complete the situations using the Gerund:
Student A: Student B:
1. My body aches all over. (to feel like, to lie down)
2. It's all my fault. (to regret, to let someone down)
3. He is a keen traveller. (to boast of, to see many countries)
4. I didnt mean to insult you. (to excuse, to be rude)
5. Your advice is of great value. (to thank, to help)
6. He has improved his pronunciation. (to be proud of, to make good progress)
7. We are pressed for time. (to put off, to discuss the matter)
Exercise 4. Complete the following using the gerund
a) as subject or predicative:
1. There's no use...
2. It was useless...
3. It would be no good...
4. Is it worth while...?
5. His ambition was...
6. Her aim is....
b) as a part of a compound verbal predicate:
1. Doctor Flegg began...
2. He kept...
3. Now I will go on...
4. John started...
5. The officer finished...
6. Suddenly he began...
7. In the silence he started....
8. He immediately stopped...
9. I could not help...
10. She just continued....
c) as a non-prepositional object:
1. He disliked...
2. He had practically given up...
3. Her mother mentioned...
4. I hate....
5. I distinctly remember...
6. It involved...
7. She would have enjoyed...
8. Would you mind...?
9. He badly needs...
10. Presently he suggested...
d) as a prepositional object:
1. George thought of...
2. Presently we were talking about...
3. But that won't prevent you from...
4. He kept me from...
5. Thank you for...
6. They persisted on...
7. He has not succeeded in...
8. She was counting on...
9. He insists on...
10. My sister is never tired of...
11. I was looking forward to...
12. You are quite sure about...
13. You are fond of...
14. I'm good at...
e) as an attribute:
1. I really had no intention of...
2. She has planned a way of...
3. She gave the impression of...
4. Not much in the habit of...
5. He had the reputation of...
6. He had an opportunity of...
7. I found the cause of...
8. There was a reason for not...
9. Ralph spoke in the hope of...
10. She had a chance of...
11. He described the methods of...
12. This gave him a sense of...
f) as an adverbial modifier:
1. We worked without...
2. You're trying to fight me in spite of...
3. It would have been impossible to reach it without...
4. He had to go there himself in spite of...
5. The pupil answered without...
6. Yesterday he solved the greatest problem of his life by...
7. They looked at each other without...
8. She did not make a mistake because of...
9. I shocked them by...
10. She finished up by...
11. He proved it by...
12. He lit a cigarette before...
Exercise 5. Paraphrase using the right form of the Gerund:
Student A: Student B:
1. Mary is good at reading. The teacher praises her every time. (deserve)
2. The watch is slow for five minutes. Ill have to repair it. (require)
3. The book is very interesting. Many people want to read it. (be worth)
4. Your plants are fading. You must water them at once. (want)
5. The dress has got wrinkled all over. Will you iron it? (need)
Exercise 6. Paraphrase the following using the Gerund.
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Model A: Don't take this medicine. It's no good.
It's no good taking this medicine.
Model B: You must visit the Historical Museum. It's worth it.
The Historical Museum is worth visiting.
Model C: We couldn't hold the competition yesterday. They objected to it.
They objected to our holding the competition.
1. He was given a ten-day leave. He insisted on it.
2. Don't try to book seats in the stalls. It's useless.
3. Don't hope for their assistance. It's no good.
4. He is going to be examined first. He doesn't object to it.
5. You shouldn't try to win the prize. It's no use.
6. Don't try to find an excuse. It's no good.
7. His behaviour is indecent. I don't approve of it.
8. The English like to play football. It's in their blood.
9. I always feel bored when talking to this man. I can't help it.
10. She's going to see London with her own eyes. She's looking forward to it.
11. You mustn't leave the research unfinished. The professor won't approve of it.
12. I'm always thrilled when I see this brilliant actress. I can't help it.
13. He wasn't going to marry her. He'd never thought of it.
14. You've been most helpful. I'm very grateful to you.
Exercise 7. Translate into English:
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1. He .
2. , , .
3. .
4. , .
5. , .
6. , .
7. , .
8. . .
9. . .
10. , . .
11. .
12. .
13. , .
14. , .
15. .
Exercise 8. Substitute gerunds for the models:
Student A: Student B:
1. I dislike it when he is doing nothing.
2. She does not like it when her son fixes things in a hurry.
3. I don't mind if you take up painting.
4. I hate it when you are impatient.
5. I don't like it when you feel upset.
Exercise 9. Complete these sentences using gerunds:
Student A:
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1. Forgive (I, to take up) so much of your time.
2. Do you mind (he, to join) us?
3. Does he feel like (to stay) here for another week?
4. I appreciate (you, to encourage) him when he failed in his first experiment.
5. He's busy (to explain) the programme to them.
6. She couldn't help (to argue) with him. He was certainly wrong.
7. She thanked him for (to collect) such valuable material.
8. Do you know the reason for (he, to feel discouraged)?
9. Is there any hope of (the plan, to be carried out) ahead of time?
Exercise 10. Complete the following using Gerund as n attribute:
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1. He has no hope of....
2. I have no experience in...
3. Is there any way of...?
4. She is in the habit of...
5. What is the reason for...?
6. She dislikes the idea of...
7. You have every opportunity of...
8. There's a risk of his...
Exercise 11. Respond to the following:
Student A: Student B:
1. You have some money about you and can afford buying the tie, can't you? (to dislike the idea of wearing such a loud tie)
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2. I hear Lizzie had been seriously ill. (take every chance of curing the girl)
3. He is a heavy smoker and suffers from heart trouble. (to give up the habit of smoking so much)
4. More and more people in our country take up the study of foreign languages. What do you think of it? (to realize the importance of knowing a foreign language)
5. The weather in this part of the country is often changeable. You'd better put on rubber boots in case it rains. (no risk of my catching cold)
Exercise 12. Translate:
1. . .
2. .
3. - ?
4. , .
5. - ?
6. .
7. .
Exercise 13. Complete these sentences using chance of -ing or chance to.... Each time use the verb in brackets:
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1. I'd like to go to the concert but I've got no... tickets now. They'll have been sold out. (get)
2. He was badly injured in the crash but the doctors at the hospital say that he has a very good.... completely. (recover)
3. 'Have you written that letter to Jack?' 'No, I didn't have a... it today. There was so much else to do.' (do)
4. There isn't a... a cheap apartment in the city centre. (find)
5. We're always very busy at work. We don't get much... to each other. (talk)
6. A lot of people have applied for this job. If I apply, I don't think I stand a very good... it. (get)
7. If you work hard at your job, you have a good . (be promoted)
Exercise 14. Paraphrase the following using the gerund as on adverbial modifier. Choose the appropriate prepositions.
Student A: Student B:
1. Aunt Polly got very angry when she saw the broken sugar-bowl.
2. After we came to the airport, we had our luggage registered.
3. He left he room, he didn't apologize.
4. Some people can walk all day and don't get tired.
5. He waited long before he answered.
6. I learned the words. I pronounced them aloud.
7. When he was reciting a poem, he passed a line.
8. When she was copying the composition, she corrected some mistakes.
9. Though I was excited by the news, I kept my feelings back.
10. We made haste as we feared we might miss the bus.
Exercise 15. Translate what is given in brackets using the gerund.
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1. ( ) I felt relieved.
2. ( ) I found a lot of mistakes in it.
3. ( ) he fell down and hurt himself badly.
4. They decorated the flat ( ).
5. The mother spoilt the boy ( ).
6. The whole day was spent in ( ).
7. You can learn a foreign language ( a ).
8. She kept on talking (e ).
9. She left ( ).
10. I won't leave London ( ).
11. You'll never recover from the disease ( ).
12. She can't go abroad ( ).
13. A refrigerator is very handy ( ).
14. One should use a dictionary ( , ).
15. ( , ) he was not famous.
16. I put on a warm coat and boots ( ).
17. We were in a hurry ( ).
18. She bit her lip and kept silent ( ).
Exercise 16. Supply a natural conversational context.
1. I learn the words by repeating them many times.
2. You'd better wrap yourself up warmly for fear of catching a cold.
3. In spite of being excited, the student conducted the lesson nicely.
4. She passed by without recognizing me.
5. After pushing the door several times, I flung it open.
Exercise 17. Make up sentences using the following constructions with the gerund.
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1. could not help smiling;
2. on hearing the news;
3. the habit of reading in bed;
4. a chance of speaking to her;
5. avoided looking at her;
6. without saying good-bye;
7. remembered reading;
8. had no intention of going;
9. gave up the idea of going;
10. instead of reading;
11. on the point of bursting into tears;
12. give up smoking;
13. after telling her (him);
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14. what do you mean by saying;
15. before answering;
16. forgive me for being
Exercise 18. Make up questions using the gerund after the following words or word combinations. Let your fellow students answer them.
Student A: Student B:
1. to be worth;
2. to mind;
3. to insist on;
4. to prevent from;
5. the idea of;
6. instead of;
7. can't help;
8. to be tired of;
9. to give up;
10. to suggest;
11. to get used to;
12. the chance of;
13. to object to;
14. to be fond of;
15. to be surprised at;
16. to feel like;
17. to think of;
18. to thank for
Exercise 19. Translate into English.
1. , .
2. , ?
3. , ,
4. , .
5. .
6. .
7. , .
8. .
9. , .
10. , , .
11. .
12. , .
Exercise 20. Insert prepositions:
1. They succeeded... finding a good flat.
2. Can you stop the child... getting into mischief?
3. Thank you... coming
4. was accused... having broken the law.
5. I insisted... his coming with us.
6. Who is to blame... starting the fire?
7. Are you thinking... buying a house?
8. I apologize...being so awkward.
9. He has no intention staying.
10. There is no chance winning.
11. We had no opportunity meeting interesting people there.
12. I have no experience building houses.
13. There are different ways solving this problem
14. Do you have any reason saving such a thing?
15. Would you mind closing the door?
16. denied having seen this man before.
17. You can hardly avoid meeting her.
18. We've just missed having nasty accident.
19. They postponed sending an answer to the request.
20. My work involves filing and typing letters.
21. There is no use crying over spilt milk
22. He didn't feel going out.
23. He couldn't help laughing.
24. She was afraid falling.
25. He is slow doing sums.
26. He is interested developing the project.
27. She is sorry being late.
28. He is proud having won the chess tournament.
29. He was surprised having been asked about it.
Exercise 21. In this exercise you have to write the correct preposition and to put the verb into the correct form. Use the verb in brackets at the end of each sentence.
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1. After a long time we eventually succeededa flat. (find)
2. I've been thinking...for a new job. (look)
3. His parents didn't approve...himout so late. (stay)
4. I wonder what prevented him...to the party. (come)
5. I'm getting hungry. I'm looking forward...dinner. (have)
6. I don't feel...today. (study)
7. Forgive me...you but I must ask you a question. (interrupt)
8. The arrested man was suspected...into a house. (break)
9. Have you ever thought...married? (get)
10. I've always dreamed...on a small island in the Pacific. (live)
11. The cold water didn't stop her...a swim. (have)
12. Have you ever been accuseda crime? (commit)
13. She apologized...so rude to me. (be)
14. We have decided...a new car. (buy)
Exercise 22. Complete the sentences. Add the necessary preposition.
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1. He's very punctual. You can count....
2. I'm tired. I don't feel....
3. The people criticize the government
4. The prisoner was accused....
5. Lifeguards rescue people....
6. I am out of work. I'm anxious....
7. The workers threatened the boss...
8. This programmer is an expert...
9. If you run out of money, you would have difficulty...
10. In a tight situation you have to find a way
11. Teenagers spend a lot of money...
12. The police charged the motorist....
13. A journalist can be accused...
14. Tactless people make a habit...
15. Stars are getting huge money...
Exercise 23. Translate into Russian:
1. .
2. .
3. , .
4. .
5. .
6. , .
7. .
8. , .
9. , ?
10. .
11. .
12. , .
13. , .
14. , .
15. , .
16. , .
17. , .
18. , , .
Exercise 24. Translate the following into English using Gerunds after the verbs in brackets.
1. , . (to blame)
2. , . (to suspect)
3. . (to have no difficulty)
4. , . (to apologize)
5. . (to succeed)
6. , . (to insist)
7. . (to talk into)
8. , . (to begin)
9. ? (to account)
10. , . (to reproach)
Exercise 25. Translate the following into English.
1. , . (proud)
2. . (used)
3. , . (sorry)
4. , . (interested)
5. , (capable)
6. , . (tired)
7. , . (surprised)
8. , . (disappointed)
9. , . (grateful)
10. , . (fond)
11. 7 .
12. , .
13. .
14. .
15. .
16. , .
17. , , ?
18. .
19. .
20. .
21. .
22. , .
23. , .
24. , .
25. , .
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Exercise 26. Paraphrase the following using the construction with the Gerund.
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1. She laughed to herself at the thought that they would look for her everywhere.
2. Ann insisted that we should have a substantial meal at a cafe.
3. We were not surprised that Jane had taken it too close to her heart.
4. I couldn't stand the idea that anybody should get in my way.
5. She said she had never dreamt that her husband would be elected President.
6. The girl was sure that her parents would reproach her.
7. The mother was proud that her son had been chosen to take part in the contest.
8. My mother would object if I had my hair cut.
9. The librarian wouldn't object if we kept the book one day longer.
Exercise 27. Answer the questions.
1. Do you like your friend's wearing her hair shoulder length? Do you object to her darkening her eyes and painting her lips?
2. Would you mind your boyfriend's wearing a beard or a moustache?
3. Are your parents pleased at your studying at our Institute? Are they sure of your passing your summer exams well? Are they afraid of your failing in English? Are they looking forward to your getting a grant? Is there any chance of your being given a grant this year?
4. Were you surprised at your friend's having got a "five" for his test-paper?
5. When you come late to classes you say something about your watch being slow, don't you?
6. When your group mate complains to you of her bad toothache, you insist on her going to the dentist's, don't you?
7. Do you appreciate having a good holiday after the year's work?
Exercise 28. Complete the following using predicative constructions with the gerund.
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1. You don't seem to mind their...
2. What is the reason of his...?
3. I don't understand what prevents her...
4. There's no sense in your...
5. She finished her...
6. He dropped the subject without my...
7. He liked the idea of their...
8. They saved time by Tom's...
9. There was no excuse for Isabel's...
10. I sat there listening to Arthur...
11. I don't like her...
12. He was right in his...
13. There is no point in my...
14. Forgive my...
Exercise 29. Translate into English:
1. , .
2. , .
3. , .
4. , .
5. , .
6. , .
7. , .
8. , .
9. , .
10. , ?
11. -, .
12. , .
13. , . .
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, .
| Infinitive | Gerund |
| 1. remember, forget Remember to send the letter. Don't forget to put out all the lights before you leave. (They take an infinitive when they refer to an action which comes afterwards.) | Do you remember seeing this man before? I will never forget seeing the Beatles. (These verbs take a gerund when they refer to an action which occurred beforehand.) |
| 2. regret I regret to tell you that your application has not been successful. | Do you regret not having gone to university? (the action refers to the past) |
| 3. like, love, hate, prefer Would you like to have a look round? (= to want, to wish) | I don't like cooking that much. (= to enjoy, to take pleasure in) Do you prefer typing letters to writing them by hand? (gerund is used in a comparison) |
| 4.mean He means to get at the truth however long it can take. (= to intend) | I agree if the job won't mean moving to another area. (= to involve) |
| 5. need, want, require Do you want to discuss the matter? We need to borrow some money to repair the roof. | The piano requires tuning. The house needs painting. (a passive action) |
| 6. go on, keep on, carry on After describing the project, he went on to give us its benefits. (= to introduce a new action) | They went on talking about their business. (= to continue an action) |
| 7. stop, give up, end He stopped to look at the map and then walked on. (= to interrupt one action in order to perform another) | Please, stop crying. (= to cease) |
| 8. advise, allow, encourage, recommend, permit He doesnt allow anyone to smoke in his office. (an object is used) We are not allowed to smoke. (passive) | He doesnt allow smoking in his office. (no object is used) |
| 9. try Try to climb in through the window. (an attempt) | Try ringing the doorbell. Someone may be in (an experiment) |
Exercise 30. Read these sentences. Pay attention to the difference in meaning of gerunds and infinities.
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1. Remember to lend the book to him.
2. I don't remember lending this book to anyone.
3. Will you stop listening to the radio, please?
4. He stopped to say "good-bye" to us.
5. Your daughter likes swimming, doesn't she?
6. "Would you like to have a swim before lunch?" "Yes, I'd love to."
7. "He hates getting up early." "So do I."
8. I'd hate to spend a night in the woods.
9. I'd like to feel independent.
10. Children like playing more than studying.
11. I meant to buy an evening paper but I didn't see anyone sell them.
12. "I want to catch the 7 a.m. train tomorrow." "But that means getting up at 6".
13. I regret being unable to help you.
14. I regret to tell you that I failed.
15. The librarian didn't allow (permit) us to talk here.
16. The librarian doesn't allow (permit) talking here.
Exercise 31. Open the brackets. Use either gerunds or infinitives.
Student A: Student B:
1. "Let's go for a swim." "I'm not particularly good at (to swim). What about (to go) for a drive instead?"
2. "Do you feel like (to dine) out or would you rather (to have) dinner at home?" "I'd like (to go) out. I always enjoy (to have) dinner in a restaurant."
3. "I don't mind (to travel) by bus, but I hate (to stand) in queues." "I don't like (to queue) either, and you waste so much time waiting for buses. I think it's better (to go) by underground."
4. "Would you like (to come) to a lecture on Beethoven tonight?" "No, thanks. I like (to listen) to music but I don't like (to listen) to people talking about it."
5. "All right. When would you like (to start)?" "In a few minutes." "Let's wait till it stops (to rain); otherwise we'll get wet walking to the bus station."
6. "Do you remember (to meet) him at my house last year?" "Yes, certainly. I shall never forget (to meet) him. He's a wonderful man."
Exercise 32. Use infinitives or gerunds in the correct form:
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1. What must you remember (do) before leaving home?
2. I regret (remind) him about his debt.
3. Don't tell me the secret. I prefer not (know) it.
4. Do you remember (take) to the art gallery for the first time?
5. He went on (say) something, but we couldn't hear him because of the noise.
6. We expect the administration to take a decision, the speaker went on (say).
7. I can't tell her the truth. I'm afraid (upset) her.
8. The old lady forgot (put on) her glasses.
9. She hardly ever took a bus to the station, she preferred (walk).
10. Don't forget (take) your swimming suit.
11. The girl was afraid (come) near the dog, because she was afraid (bite).
12. I need (find) him urgently.
13. The parents regretted (allow) their daughter to stay out late.
14. He realized she would stand on her rights and stopped (argue).
15. Your hair is too long. It needs (cut).
16. They meant (be) on time but had to stop several times (ask) the way.
17. I try hard (master) spoken English but I find it difficult. - Try (watch) English video films and (listen) to tape stories.
18. It seemed so exciting to stay at the sea coast a few more days, but it would mean (return) by plane, and he hated (fly).
19. If you intend (catch) the bus it means (leave) now.
20. I remember my father (tell) me (respect) my friends opinion.
21. Remember (lock) the door for the night before (go) to bed.
22. She was afraid (say) a word, for she was afraid (wake) up the parents.
. The Participle
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| Voice Tense | Active | Passive | |
| Transitive () | Intransitive () | Transitive | |
| Non-Perfect (Participle I) | writing | coming | being written |
| Past (Participle II) | - | come ( Perfect) | written |
| Perfect (Perfect Participle) | having written | having come | having been written |
:
1. Participle I Active , , :
stood looking out of the window.
( ) ( )
Arriving at the hotel he went to his room.
, . ( )
2. Perfect Participle , , -:
Having done his homework he played a game of chess.
, .
Exercise 1. Comment on the tense and voice form of the participles. Translate the sentences into Russian.
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1. Looking round she saw several pictures which were remarkably good.
2. Being run down and depressed, he went out to have a walk.
3. Being written by a famous writer, the book drew my attention.
4. Not having been signed by the director, the document was of no value.
5. Being written in a hurry the letter was illegible.
6. Being furnished in good taste the flat looked very elegant.
